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江汉平原地区杂交棉品种机械化栽培探讨

2021-10-07王思冕李洪菊罗艳萍姬攀攀罗冬玉李伟徐小禾周家华

棉花科学 2021年6期

王思冕 李洪菊 罗艳萍 姬攀攀 罗冬玉 李伟 徐小禾 周家华

摘要:在江汉平原地区,以杂交棉中棉1279(F2)和黄河2号为试验材料,早熟常规品种中棉所50为对照,采用机械直播和采收模式(密度较大)种植,比较3个品种的棉花生育期、产量及产量构成因素和纤维品质变化情况。结果表明,在相同的播种条件下,杂交棉中棉1279(F,)和黄河2号单株结铃数多,单铃质量重。说明杂交棉在较高的群体时也具有较强的生产能力,能为杂交棉机械化栽培高产打下基础,可以作为机采棉提高产量的研究方向之一。

关键词:江汉平原;杂交棉品种;机械化栽培

中图分类号:S562.038文献标识码:A文章编号:2095-3143(2021)06-0032-04

DOl:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143,2021,06.006

Discussion on the Mechanized Cultivation of Hybrid Cotton Varieties of Jianghan Plain

Wang Simian, Li Hongju, Luo Yanping, Ji Panpan, Luo Dongyu, Li Wei, Xu xiaole, Zhou jiahua

(Jingmen (China Agricultural Valley Academy of Agricultural Science. ,Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China)

Abstract: Using hybrid cottons Zhongmian1279( F2) and Huanghe 2 as test materials and the early-ma-turing conventional variety Zhongmian 50 was used as the control in the Jianghan Plain, which planted by direct seeding and harvesting mode (higher density) , and compare the growth period, yield and yield component factors and fiber quality changes of the three varieties of cotton. The results showed that under the condition of the same plant, hybrid cotton Zhongmian1279( F2) and Huanghe 2 had higher boll number and boll weight per plant which indicated that the hybrid cotton had high population productivity and strong transport capacity, which can lay the foundation for high-yield mechanized cultivation of hybrid cotton, and can be used as one of the research di-rections of improving cotton yield by machine picking.

Key words The Jianghan Plain; Hybrid cotton varieties; Mechanized cultivation

雜交棉和常规棉相比,杂交棉普遍具有一定优势,可将高产、优质和抗病三者结合,能较快地提高棉花产量和品质。中国农业科学院棉花研究所,2007年选育出以中棉所63为代表的一系列强优势棉花杂交种在产量上都具有明显的杂种优势,比对照组增产5%~15%,抗病性进一步提高,实现了产量与主要经济性状的协同改良-51。新疆地区已成为我国最重要的产棉区,该地区2021年选育的60多个常规品种在产量上遗传改良不显著,出现徘徊现象,常规品种的增产幅度已经进入瓶颈期,利用常规种进一步提高产量难度越来越大。杂交棉在新疆生产建设兵团各师引种试验示范获得成功,杂交棉种植面积得以逐年扩大,杂交棉的推广与应用是棉花生产的发展方向7-。在新疆杂交棉机播和机收的引……

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