程慧煌 陈俊英 秦宇坤 王玉萍 沈家兴 危胜初 夏绍南 张丽娟

摘要：为筛选出适合赣北地区棉油连作轻简高效栽培的早熟高产油菜品种，并探明其产量形成特征，以13个油菜品种（系）为材料，对其早熟性、抗性、产量及产量构成等特征进行研究，并采用聚类分析、主成分分析等方法对参试品种进行综合评价。结果表明，这些品种的油菜籽产量为2361.4～2798.3kg/hm2，生育期为198～205天;产量与每株角果数、日均产量成极显著正相关;高产类品种的产量、收获密度、每株角果数及日均产量均显著大于低产类品种，千粒重显著低于低产类;高产类品种主要表现为具有较高的收获密度、每株角果数和每角粒数，且早熟性好。通过综合评价筛选出中油899、zy832两个高产且性状优良的品种，适合赣北地区种植。

关键词：赣北地区;棉油两熟制;油菜;高产量;品种筛选

中图分类号：S565，4.038文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-3143（2021）06-0044-07

DOl：10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143，2021，06.009

Screening of High Yield Rape Varieties under Cotton-Rape Double Cropping System in Northern Jiangxi

Cheng Huihuang， Chen Junying， Qin Yukun， Wang Yuping Shen Jiaxing， Wei Shengchu， Xia Shaonan， Zhang Lijuan

（Cotton Research Institute of Jiangxi Province/ Poyang Lake Station of Cotton Comprehensive Experiment National Cotton Industrial Technique System. ，Jiujiang， Jiangxi 332105， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out high - yield rape varieties suitable for light， simple and efficient cultivation of cotton-rape continuous cropping in northern Jiangxi， and explore their yield formation characteristics. 13 rape va-rieties （lines were used as materials to study their characteristics such as early maturity， resistance， yield and yield composition， and comprehensively evaluate each rape variety by means of cluster analysis and principal com-ponent analysis. The results showed that the rapeseed yield of these varieties ranged from 2361. 4 to 2798. 3 kg/hm， and the growth period ranged from 198 to 205 days; the yield was positively correlated with the number of pods per plant and daily average yield; the yield， harvest density， number of pods per plant and daily average yield of high-yield were significantly higher than those of low - yield variety， and the 1000 grain weight of high-yield was significantly lower than that of low-yield. High yield varieties are mainly reflected in their high harvest densi ty， number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod and good early maturity. Two high - yielding and excel-lent varieties of Zy899 and zy832 were selected through comprehensive evaluation， which are suitable for planting in norther Jiangxi

Key words： The norther region of Jiangxi; Cotton-rape double cropping system; Rape; High yield; Variety screenng

贛北地区位于长江中下游，是江西省的棉花主产区，植棉面积占全省的70%以上。然而传统的植棉技术劳动强度大、机械化程度低，严重制约着棉花产业的发展，已不再适合轻简节本、提质增效的要求。为此，改变传统耕种方式、提高工作效能是实现棉花产业现代化的必由之路3-4。棉油连作是长江流域棉区重要的一种耕作模式，一方面提高了地块的复种指数，增加了单位土地面积的收益，得到越来越多农民的青睐，对提高棉农的植棉积极性具有促进作用5-7;另一方面能有效地缓解了粮棉（油）争地矛盾，对促进棉花与油料生产，进而保障我国棉花与油料安全具有十分重要的意义。……