南宏宇

摘要：为了筛选适宜甘肃地区棉花上应用的降解膜类型，于2020年在甘肃敦煌设置了降解膜与普通PE膜的对比试验。通过棉田土壤温度观测、田间植株性状调查、经济性状和产量测定，对两种可降解地膜与普通地膜在棉花上应用效果进行了比较。结果表明：覆膜后的4月24日测定，10：00普通PE膜处理5cm地温明显高于降解膜;不同覆膜处理对棉花生育期影响不大，但对植株性状影响较大，株高、果枝数、结铃数、节位高均表现为普通PE膜大于降解膜，降解膜A与B之间差异不明显;降解膜A、B与普通PE膜产量差异显著，A、B较普通PE膜（CK）分别减产31.37%、32.12%，而A、B之间产量差异不显著。

关键词：降解地膜;PE膜;棉花;产量;构成因素;土壤温度;纤维品质

中图分类号：S562.04文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-3143（2021）06-0028-04

DOl：10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143，2021，06.005

Effects of Degradable and Pe Films on Yield and Components of Cotton

Nan Hongyu

（Crop Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Lanzhou， Gansu 730070， China）

Abstract： In order to screen the types of degradable film suitable for cotton in Gansu， a comparative test be-tween degradable film and ordinary PE film was set up in Dunhuang， Gansu Province in 2020. The application effects of two kinds of degradable plastic film and ordinary plastic film on cotton were compared through soil temper-ature observation， the survey of field plant character， economic character and yield measurement in cotton field The results showed that at 10： 00 on April 24， the ground temperature of 5 cm treated with ordinary PE fiIm was significantly higher than that of degraded film. Different film mulching treatments had little effect on cotton growth period， but had a great effect on plant characters. Plant height， number of fruit branches， number of bolls and node height showed that ordinary Pe film was greater than degradable film， and there was no significant difference between degradable film A and B. The yield of degraded film A and b was significantly different from that of ordi-nary PE film. The yield of A and B was 31. 37o and 32. 12% lower than that of ordinary PE film（ CK） ， but there was no significant difference between a and b

Key words Degradable mulch film; Pe fiIm; Cotton; Yield; Components Soil temperature; Fier quality

地膜在促进农作物的高产和稳产方面发挥了巨大作用，其良好的保温保湿性可以有效提高种植效益，但同时残膜在土壤中极难降解，在甘肃河西走廊地区微垄平铺地膜累计残留达到372kg/hm211。随着覆膜年限增加，残留量越高，连续覆膜2年、5年和10年的棉田地膜殘留差异明显2。地膜残留造成土壤板结，并阻滞气、肥、水在土壤中的流动，小块残膜会破坏土壤团粒结构，降低通透性通气性，使微生物活性降低，土壤肥力明显下降3，形成白色污染，恶化生态环境，因此研究新型环保地膜成为提高覆膜栽培技术，消除土壤污染的现实需要。

降解地膜是一种有益于环境保护的新型地膜，其在马铃薯、玉米等作物上的应用较为成功。……