降雨径流中氮磷流失及控制研究
2021-10-03王帅刁玲玲
王帅 刁玲玲



摘 要:以崂山水库周边农用地为研究对象,在2019年7月至2020年8月期间收集了9块种植不同作物试验地的降雨后地表径流,对其中的氨态氮([NH+4]-N)、硝态氮([NO-3]-N)和溶解性磷(SP)输出浓度和流失量进行分析核算,同时考察了施用化肥和控释肥对氮磷流失的影响。结果表明:不同作物类型的降雨径流中氮磷流失差别较大;施用控释肥料较普通肥料可以减少17.9%的氨态氮、16.4%的硝态氮和18.0%的溶解性磷输出。
关键词:降雨;地表径流;氮磷;控释肥
中图分类号 TV121.+1; X524文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)18-0161-05
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss and Control in Rainfall Runoff
WANG Shuai et al.
(Chengyang Substation of Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Qingdao 266109, China)
Abstract: Surface runoff of 9 test sites for different crops were collected in the farmland around Lushan Reservoir from July 2019 to August 2020. The concentration and the output loss of the ammonia nitrogen ([NH+4]-N), nitrate nitrogen ([NO-3]-N) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were analyzed and calculated, respectively, and the different effect of chemical fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer on nitrogen and phosphorus loss was further carried out. Results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus loss varied greatly in the rainfall runoff of different crop types, and controlled release fertilizer could reduce ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus output by 17.9%, 16.4% and 18.0%,respectively,compared with chemical fertilizer.
Key words: Rainfall; Surface runoff; Nitrogen and phosphorus; Controlled release fertilizer
嶗山水库是青岛市重要的生活饮用水水源地,总库容6044万m3,兴利库容4798万m3,设计取水量2737.5万m3,年均向青岛市供水3000万m3,日均供水量约10万m3,担负着供给青岛市区生活饮用水的重任[1]。前些年当地樱桃节等乡村特色旅游项目发展迅猛,带动当地农业、餐饮业也相应地快速发展,农家宴雨后春笋般增加,非点源化肥的施用量也不断增加,随雨后径流进入崂山水库的污染物的种类和数量也日益复杂。2017年中央环保督察以来,针对农家宴的规范治理取得了巨大进步,小型污染治理设施有效缓解了这些点源的影响,但非点源污染依然需要重点关注。本研究在野外调查和数据统计分析的基础上,对崂山水库周边农田氮磷输出情况进行综合分析,以期为改善饮用水源地水质和非点源污染治理提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 研究区概况 在崂山水库北岸华阴村农业用地设置9块试验小区,每块试验小区长约6m、宽约4m,面积24m2左右,分别种植了番茄、玉米、地瓜、花生、豆角、芋头、桃园、柿园、枣园9种植被,采用相同的施肥方法和施肥量,针对雨水径流中氮磷输出情况进行研究。……
