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重金属在芜湖城市内河水体的分布特征及环境健康风险分析

2021-10-03陈明亮鲁福庆程晓静陈娜储昭霞涂俊芳

安徽农学通报 2021年18期

陈明亮 鲁福庆 程晓静 陈娜 储昭霞 涂俊芳

摘 要:为了研究芜湖市内河(中央城水系、汇成水系和中山南路水系)水体的Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni污染现状,采用相关性分析和主成分分析对水体重金属的来源进行分析,同时采用内梅罗综合污染指数法和累积标准单位(CCU)指标对重金属污染状况进行评价。结果表明,芜湖内河水体各微量元素大小依次为:Zn>Cr>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cu。Pb、Zn、Ni分别有16.7%、16.7%、100.0%的采样点超出《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅴ类标准,说明芜湖内河水体Pb、Cr、Ni污染较严重。Cu、Mn、Pb主要来源于生产生活中Zn与Ni来源于工业生产,Cr主要来源于农业生产。根据内梅罗综合污染指数法和累积标准单位(CCU)指标评价结果,中央城水系和中山南路水系为重污染,汇成水系为中度污染,94.4%的采样点属于重度污染,芜湖内河水体水质污染较为严重。

关键词:城市内河;重金属;污染评价

中图分类号 X522  文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)18-0138-06

Study on Distribution and Environmental Risk of Heavy Metals in Wuhu City Inland River

CHEN Mingliang1 et al.

(1School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China)

Abstract: In order to study the wuhu inland river (the central city in the stream, stream water and south road drainage) of Pb, Cr, Cu, zinc, Mn, Ni pollution status quo,using correlation analysis and principal component analysis to analyze the source of heavy metal water, use at the same time inside,the comprehensive pollution index method and cumulative standard unit (CCU) index to evaluate heavy metals pollution condition.The results showed that the wuhu inland water body various trace elements as follows: Zn>Cr>Mn>Pb>Ni>Cu.Pb,Zn and Ni were 16.7%, 16.7% and 100.0% of the sample point beyond the environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002)Ⅴ class standard, wuhu inland water,Pb,Cr,Ni pollution more serious.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that Cu,Mn and Pb were mainly from production and life.Zn and Ni were from industrial sources, and Cr was mainly from agricultural sources.According to Nemelo comprehensive pollution index method and cumulative standard unit (CCU) index evaluation results,the central city water system and the south zhongshan road water system are heavily polluted,the confluence water system is moderately polluted, 94.4% of the sampling points are seriously polluted,and the water quality of Wuhu inland river is seriously polluted.

Key words: Urban river; Heavy metal; Pollution assessment

水是地球生物賴以生存的物质基础,水资源是维护地球生态环境可持续发展的首要条件[1-2]。随着城市经济的快速发展,城市环境所承载的压力越来越大,工业、农业以及人为活动等给城市内河水环境带来了严重的污染,这一问题引起了众多学者的关注[3]。重金属是水体环境中较为常见的一类污染物,其主要来源于人为活动[4-6]。在水环境中,重金属元素不能被微生物降解,相反的可能会被生物富集,具有隐蔽性、长期性和不可逆转性等污染特征[7]。关于重金属对水生生物的毒害作用早已有研究[8-10]。阎海等[11]研究表明,Mn、Cu和Zn超出安全浓度就会抑制蓝藻的生长。一定浓度的Cd2+会……

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