太湖流域水土环境污染源与政府影响分析
2021-10-03蒋思丝管益东徐德福
蒋思丝 管益东 徐德福
摘 要:当前,太湖流域的水土污染已经严重影响该区域的可持续发展。该文总结了土壤水土环境的主要污染源:农业面源、工业污染、旅游资源的过度开发以及城市面源,指出太湖流域的主要污染源构成已经有所变化,近几年逐步凸显的旅游资源盲目开发带来的污染破坏与快速城市化进程造成的城市面源污染尚未得到足够的重视。进而剖析了政府在太湖流域水土污染及其治理中存在的问题,指出不完善的环保制度体系、地方政府在污染治理中的被动应对方式等都是造成太湖长期污染的直接原因,而政府公共信息披露不足、公众参与度低则加剧了太湖流域水土污染治理的难度。并提出了相应的治理对策。
关键词:太湖;水土环境污染;政府;公众参与
中图分类号 X22 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)18-0134-05
Analysis of Water and Soil Environment Pollution Sources and Government Factors in Taihu Lake Watershed
JIANG Sisi1 et al.
(1Jiangsu Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Center, Suzhou 215200, China)
Abstract: Water and soil pollution in the Taihu Lake Watershed has seriously affected the sustainable development of the region.The main pollution sources of the water and soil environment includes agricultural non-point source pollution, industrial pollution, unreasonable development of tourism resources, and urban non-point source pollution.The study indicated that the main pollution sources in the Taihu Lake Watershed have changed.Unfortunately, environmental pollution caused by unreasonable development of tourism resources and urban non-point source pollution caused by rapid urbanization process has not got enough attention.Government factors in the water and soil environment pollution are analyzed in this paper.Imperfect environmental protection system and negative attitudes of local government to the pollution treatment are the direct causes of long-term pollution in the Taihu Lake Watershed, while the lack of public information disclosure and public participation further exacerbates the costs of environmental governance and the difficulty of water and soil pollution. And put forward the corresponding governance countermeasures.
Key words: Taihu Lake; Water and soil pollution; Government; Public participation
1 引言
太湖流域跨江蘇、浙江、安徽和上海3省1市,是我国人口和城镇最为密集的经济发达地区。该区域的面积、人口和国内生产总值分别占全国的0.38%、4.2%和11%,已经成为我国经济重要的增长区域之一。然而,当前环境污染已成为制约太湖流域可持续发展的关键问题之一。“50年代淘米洗菜,60年代水质变坏,70年代鱼虾绝代,80年代变成公害,90年代还在受害”,这首民谣便是目前太湖境内许多城镇内河污染变迁的真实写照。太湖水质在20世纪80年代为Ⅱ类水质,随后因富营养化程度不断加重,2000—2009年以来大多维持在劣Ⅴ类水质[1,2]。2019年苏州环境公报显示,目前太湖湖体(苏州辖区)的总体水质处于Ⅳ类,虽然整体处于轻度富营养状态,但局部水域情况仍不乐观。……
