EDXRF对土壤中痕量铬、镍、铜和锌的快速检测方法研究
2021-10-03胡学强岳元博廖学亮刘明博
胡学强 岳元博 廖学亮 刘明博



摘 要:使用X射线荧光光谱法可以实现土壤中重金属元素Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn的快速检测,满足实际测试需求。使用不同类型的国家标准样品绘制工作曲线,采用靶材的康普顿峰作为参比,元素Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn的线性相关系数分别为0.998、0.990、0.997和0.999;同时对仪器的短期精密度进行测试,对Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn测量结果的相对标准偏分别为2.83%、3.66%、3.40%和0.89%,仪器测试的稳定性较好。使用分析纯二氧化硅得到Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn的定量限分别是4.58、3.09、2.39和1.41mg·kg-1,在一级土壤的限值以下,满足实际土壤快速检测的需求。
关键词:能量色散X射线荧光;土壤;重金属元素
中图分类号 O645.1 文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)18-0104-03
The Study of Rapid Detection for Heavy Metal Elements of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn in Soil
HU Xueqiang et al.
(NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China)
Abstract: The rapid detection for heavy metal elements of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn in soil can be realized by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, which can meet the requirements in actual test. And when different types of national standard samples were adopted to draw the working curves, through using the Compton peak of target material as reference, the linear correlation coefficient for element Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn was 0.998, 0.990, 0.997 and 0.999 respectively, at the same time, the short-term precision for testing instrument was also measured, the relative standard deviation for Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn was 2.83%, 3.66%, 3.40% and 0.89% respectively, which meant the stability of the instrument is well. The quanlification limits of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn obtained by analyzing pure silica are 4.58, 3.09, 2.39 and 1.41 mg·kg-1 respectively, which were all below the limit of first-grade soil and could meet the requirements of rapid detection in actual soil.
Key words: Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; Soil; Heavy metals
土壤中重金属元素超过一定的限值,不但会对植物的生长产生危害,还会通过植物的传递对人体的健康产生危害。土壤中多种重金属元素的检测方法一般有原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电化学方法等[1],这些方法需要土壤样品进行消解,测试周期较长。能量色散X射线荧光光谱法在常量元素的分析上有较广泛的应用,该方法可以直接对固体进行检测,不需要复杂的前处理过程,可以对样品进行快速检測。由于土壤基体比较复杂,使用X射线荧光光谱法对土壤中重金属的检测检出限较高,准确度较低[2]。本文使用康普顿峰作为参比,减少基体效应的影响,实现能量色散X射线荧光光谱法实现土壤中铬、镍、铜、锌的准确测量。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验仪器及样品 NX-100S重金属检测仪(钢研纳克检测技术股份有限公司),光管靶材是铑钯50kV/50W,配备FAST SDD探测器,仪器测试条件及参数:管电压25kV,管电流为1200?A。……
