孙杨朝 杨艳艳 吴云霄 冯睿梓 程舒婷

摘 要：为合理选择乔木绿化树种，促进延安城市生态环境建设，在实地调查和问卷调查的基础上，利用层次分析法（AHP法）对延安城区主要乔木绿化树种进行了系统分析评价。结果表明：（1）延安城区乔木绿化树种共53种，其中落叶树种明显多于常绿树种，乡土树种占乔木绿化树种的30%;（2）抗逆性的权重最大，明显高于观赏性和生长性，观赏性和生长性的权重差别不明显;（3）综合评价结果显示，87%以上的乔木树种评价等级为良和中等，为优和差的分别为3%、9%。因此，在今后延安城市绿化乔木树种的选择时，应加大乡土树种的比例，特别应注意重视树种的抗逆性，加强后期的养护和管理。

关键词：延安;乔木树种;层次分析法;景观评价

中图分类号 S731.2文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）18-0075-04

Evaluation and Analysis of Tree Planting Species in Yan′an City Based on AHP

SUN Yangzhao1 et al.

（1College of Life Science， Yan′an University， Yan′ an 716000， China）

Abstract： The main purpose of this study is to select the tree species reasonably and promote the ecological environment of Yan′an city. Data needed for the experiment were obtained through field surveys and questionnaires. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP）was used to analyze and evaluate the main tree species in Yan′an city.The results showed that： （1）There were 53 species of tree greening species in Yan′an city. Deciduous tree species were significantly more than evergreen tree species， and native tree species accounted for 30% of tree greening tree species; （2）The weight of stress resistance was the largest which was significantly higher than that of ornamental and that of growth.There is no significant difference between the weight of ornamental and growth; （3）The number of tree species with good and medium grades accounts for more than 87% of the total greening species. The proportion of tree species with excellent comprehensive evaluation grade is 3% and the proportion of poor evaluation grade is 9%.Therefore， it is necessary to increase the proportion of native tree species in the selection of urban greening tree species in Yan′an.Particular attention should be paid to the resistance of tree species. At the same time， the later maintenance and management should be strengthened.

Key words： Yan′an; Tree species; AHP; Landscape evaluation

喬木树种是城市绿地的重要组成部分，是绿地发挥各种效益的基础[1]。对绿化树种的研究，目前主要集中在树种组成结构、生长状况、生态效益等方面，一般从不同方面、单个角度进行定性或定量的评价[2-5]，但对不同方面进行综合的、系统的定量评价研究则较少。而乔木树种具有美学、生态和社会等多方面的作用，绿化过程中乔木树种的选择，需要从不同方面进行综合考虑，因此，建立客观、综合、合理的评价体系尤为重要。

层次分析法（AHP法）是运用多因素分级处理来确定各因素权重的方法，它能够把复杂的问题分成若干层次，进行简化分解，把人们的主观判断和定性分析用定量客观的方法进行表述和传达[6-8]。……