新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征危险因素病例对照研究
2021-09-30李春亮王茜李雅玲
李春亮 王茜 李雅玲



[摘要] 目的 探讨新生儿ARDS相关危险因素,提高对本病认识,为制定防治干预措施提供证据。 方法 采用1∶1匹配的病例-对照研究设计,選择2020年1—12月住院治疗的54例ARDS患儿为病例组,按照性别、孕周相近选择54例非ARDS患儿为对照组。采用单因素比较和多因素Logistic回归筛选新生儿ARDS相关影响因素。 结果 病例组和对照组单因素分析比较显示,性别(χ2=4.060,P<0.05)、胎龄(χ2=5.341,P<0.05)、分娩方式(χ2=6.279,P<0.05)、胎粪吸入情况(χ2=5.400,P<0.05)、宫内窘迫情况(χ2=6.438,P<0.05)、羊水污染情况(χ2=6.261,P<0.05)、孕母妊娠糖尿病(χ2=5.363,P<0.05)、孕母妊娠高血压(χ2=12.016,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。二元非条件Logistic回归分析显示性别(OR=0.438,P<0.05)、胎龄(OR=0.404,P<0.05)、分娩方式(OR=2.679,P<0.05)、胎粪吸入(OR=2.50,P<0.05)、宫内窘迫(OR=2.755,P<0.05)、妊娠糖尿病(OR=2.483,P<0.05)、妊娠高血压(OR=4.009,P<0.05)是新生儿ARDS危险因素。 结论 性别、胎龄、分娩方式、胎粪吸入、宫内窘迫、妊娠糖尿病、妊娠高血压为ARDS的主要危险因素。临床医师应重视这些危险因素,建立早发现、早诊断、早治疗的干预措施,以降低疾病的发生。
[关键词] 急性呼吸窘迫综合征;新生儿;危险因素;病例对照
[中图分类号] R722 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)16-0087-04
A case-control study on the risk factors of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome
LI Chunliang1, 2 WANG Qian1 LI Yaling1
1.Department of Neonatology, Guilin People′s Hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin 541002, China; 2.Neonatology of the Eugenics Technology Centre of Army Family Planning, No.181 Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army, Guilin 541002, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the risk factors of neonatal ARDS, improve the understanding of the disease, and provide evidence for the development of prevention and treatment interventions. Methods A 1∶1 matched case-control study design was adopted. Fifty-four children with ARDS who were hospitalized from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected as the case group, and 54 children with non-ARDS who were similar in gender and gestational age were selected as the control group. Single-factor comparison and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen the related influencing factors of neonatal ARDS. Results The univariate analysis of the case group and the control group showed that the difference in gender (χ2=4.060, P<0.05), gestational age (χ2=5.341, P<0.05), delivery method (χ2=6.279, P<0.05), meconium aspiration (χ2=5.400, P<0.05), intrauterine distress (χ2=6.438, P<0.05), amniotic fluid pollution(χ2=6.261, P<0.05), pregnancy diabetes (χ2=5.363, P<0.05), pregnancy-induced hypertension (χ2=12.016, P<0.01) was statistically significant. Binary unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed gender (OR=0.438, P<0.05), gestational age (OR=0.404, P<0.05), delivery method (OR=2.679, P<0.05), meconium inhalation(OR=2.50, P<0.05), intrauterine distress (OR=2.755, P<0.05), gestational diabetes(OR=2.483, P<0.05), pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR=4.009, P<0.05) are risk factors for neonatal ARDS. Conclusion Gender, gestational age, mode of delivery,meconium aspiration, intrauterine distress, gestational diabetes, and pregnancy-induced hypertension are the main risk factors for ARDS. Clinicians should pay attention to these risk factors and establish intervention measures for early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
[Key words] Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Newborn; Risk factors; Case-control
新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征(Acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是以严重进行性缺氧、呼吸窘迫、肺顺应性降低、X线片呈现弥漫性肺泡浸润为主要临床特点的肺部急性疾病,是急性肺损伤的严重阶段,属新生儿重症监护室(NICU)危重症。各年龄段临床表现相似,但新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征发病机制和治疗则独有特点。随着国内外新生儿重症医学不断进步,ARDS患儿的预后有了极大改善,但因病因复杂,病情进展迅速,病情重,病死率高,严重威胁患儿生命、影响生存质量,给社会及家庭带来极大负担,国内发病率为1.34%[1],死亡率为30.00%~32.80%[2]。因此,临床医师早发现、早诊断、早治疗,对改善新生儿ARDS预后具有重要意义。近年,我国NICU有了较快发展,但对于新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征的认识尚不足,仍需进一步探讨。本文即在以往相关研究基础上,采用病例对照研究方法,回顾性分析我院NICU 2020年1—12月转运收治的新生儿ARDS患儿临床资料,进一步揭示疾病的相关危险因素,制定相关干预措施,以降低新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发生风险,现报道如下。……
