廖朝辉 朱清梅 曹子翔

摘要：口蹄疫疾病是生猪养殖中一种常见的传染性疾病，主要会导致患病猪出现口腔粘膜、乳房及蹄部等处出现溃烂病变。口蹄疫病在国际上划为A类烈性传染病，我国划为一类传染病。口蹄疫主要感染对象为猪、牛、羊等及野生偶蹄动物。该病传染性极强，传播迅速，易导致猪群的患病，给生猪的生产性能和机体健康状况造成巨大的负面影响。该病传播速度极快，病毒血清型多和易变的特性，使诊断和防治更加复杂。由于血清型多，免疫要有针对性，对疫病的管控要求很高。该文主要论述猪口蹄疫的诊断及防治。

关键词：猪口蹄疫;口蹄疫病毒;诊断;防治

中图分类号：S858.28文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.23.024

Diagnosis and Control of Swine Foot-and-mouth Disease

LIAO Chaohui1，ZHU Qingmei2，CAO Zixiang3

（l.Dengyuantai Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center，Wugang City，Wugang Hunan 422400，China;2.Comprehensive Law Enforcement Team，Dengyuantai Town，Wugang City，Wugang Hunan 422400，China;3.Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture Affairs Center，Leiyang City，Hengyang Hunan 421899，China）

Abstract：Foot-and-mouth disease（FMD）is a common infectious disease disease in pig farming. It can cause ulceration of the oral Mucosa，udder and hoof in infected pigs. Foot-and-mouth disease （FMD）is classified as Class A severe infectious disease in the world and Class A infectious disease in China. Foot-and-mouth disease （FMD）mainly infects pigs，cattle，sheep and wild cloven-hoofed animals. The disease is highly infectious，spreads rapidly，easily leads to the disease of pig herd，and has a huge negative impact on the production performance and health condition of pigs. The rapid spread of the disease，multiple serotypes and variable characteristics of the virus make the diagnosis and control more complex. Because the serum type is many，the immunity must have the pertinence，to the epidemic disease management request is very high. This paper mainly discusses the diagnosis and control of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs.

Keywords：foot-and-mouth disease，foot-and-mouth disease virus，diagnosis，prevention and treatment

0引言

生豬养殖中口蹄疫疾病是一种常见的传染性性疾病，通过患病动物接触的饲料、饲养管理用具等可间接传染，还可通过患病动物间的接触导致直接感染。口蹄疫疾病的病原主要存在于患病动物机体的囊泡液体中，在患病动物的唾液、呼吸的空气、乳汁、排泄物等物质中也存在大量的病原。感染口蹄疫疾病的生猪在出现疾病症状前便会开始病原的传播。生猪养殖过程中常规的消毒剂即可对口蹄疫疾病的病原进行良好的杀灭，生猪养殖中需要做好日常的清洁消毒工作，避免病原微生物在生猪群体中的传播。本文对猪口蹄疫疾病的病原特点，口蹄疫疾病的诊断及防治措施进行介绍，以期为生猪的健康养殖及产业的可持续发展提供帮助。……