赵黎明

摘要：为研究繁殖母猪的最佳断奶天数，对山东省淄博市大白纯种母猪原种场几个批次内生产的断奶母猪的失配率、总产仔数量等数据进行回顾性分析研究结果表明，该种猪场第6～10批次母猪断奶到配种间隔天数分布较为广泛，最低的2 d，最高的8 d，其中断奶到配种间隔天处最集中的是4、5、6 d，在这几天中繁殖母猪的窝产仔数量的差异性不是很显著。但断奶到配种间隔为3 d的繁殖母猪的失配率最低。研究看出，配种率较大的天数通常为4～6 d。从失配角度考虑，断奶后到配种3～6 d繁殖母猪的适配率最低。由此得出，断奶到配种间隔对纯种母猪的失配率和繁殖性能有显著影响。由于大多数种猪场一般采用2次人工受精操作模式，断奶结束后可适当提前配种，有利于提高繁殖母猪的繁殖性能。在试验条件下，繁殖母猪断奶到配种间隔天数一般控制在3～5 d能取得最佳的繁殖效果。

关键词：断奶配种;间隔天数;母猪失配率;窝产仔数

中图分类号：S858.23文献标识码：Bdoi：10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2021.23.001

The Effect of Different Days Between Weaning and Mating on the Mismatch Rate and Litter Size of Dabai Purebred Sows

ZHAO Liming

（Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center，Zibo City，Zibo Shandong 255000，China ）

Abstract：In order to study the optimal weaning days for breeding sows，the data of the mismatch rate and the total litter size of weaned sows produced in several batches in the original breeding farm of great white sows in Zibo were analyzed retrospectively，the interval between weaning and breeding of sows from the 6th to 10th batch in the breeding farm is widely distributed，the lowest is 2 days，the highest is 8 days，and the most concentrated is 4，5，6 days at the interval between weaning and breeding，the difference in litter size during these days was not significant. However，the breeding sows with 3D interval between weaning and breeding had the lowest mismating rate. The results showed that the days with high mating rate were usually 4～6 days. From the point of view of mismatch，the fitness rate of sow from weaning to breeding 3～6 days is the lowest. It was concluded that the interval between weaning and breeding had significant effect on the mating rate and reproductive performance of purebred sows. Because most pig farms generally adopt 2 times artificial insemination operation mode，after weaning can be appropriately early breeding，is conducive to improving the reproductive performance of breeding sows. Under the experimental conditions，the best reproduction effect can be obtained by controlling the interval between weaning and breeding in 3～5 days.

Keywords：weaning and breeding，interval days，sow mismatch rate，litter size

0引言

繁殖母豬的繁殖性能是影响规模化生猪养殖场指标实现的重要因素，充分利用好基础母猪是提高母猪繁殖性能高产稳产，实现优质的关键目标，同时也是获得既定养殖效益的关键。在科学批次化生产管理模式下，有效把控繁殖母猪的非生产天数，可显著提高繁殖母猪的利用效率，提高养殖场的生产技能。为降低基础母猪的非生产天数，需在母猪断奶一段时间后诱导其快速发情及时配种，最大程度降低失败率。……