代际融合式全龄社区公共空间营建策略研究
2021-09-15刘春雁柴弋霞杨杨
刘春雁 柴弋霞 杨杨



摘要:现有的全龄社区多针对不同年龄的群体营造其专属的公共空间,空间的分异不利于不同代人群的交流沟通、互惠互利。代际融合式全龄社区是和谐社会的发展趋势,然而面临着代际需求复杂、动态多变等多种挑战。针对性地引入包容型设计和社区共生理念,提出了满足代际需求和适应生命周期的营建策略,期望在横向层面上细分代际差异、整合空间功能,在纵向层面上推动代际传承与社区共生,营建促进代际融合的、可持续性的全龄社区。
关键词:风景园林;全龄社区;代际融合;公共空间
中图分类号:TU986
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)04-0022-05
收稿日期:2021-01-12
修回日期:2021-04-08
Abstract: The existing all-age communities mostly create their own exclusive public spaces for groups of different ages, and the differentiation of space is not conducive to the communication and mutual benefit of different generations of people. Intergenerational integrated all-age communities are the development trend of a harmonious society. However, they are faced with multiple challenges such as complex intergenerational needs and dynamic changes. This article specifically introduces the concept of inclusive design and community symbiosis, and proposes a construction strategy to meet intergenerational needs and adapt to the life cycle. It is expected to subdivide intergenerational differences and integrate spatial functions at the horizontal level, promote intergenerational inheritance and community symbiosis at the vertical level, and build a sustainable all-age community that promotes intergenerational integration.
Key words: Landscape architecture; All-age community; Intergenerational integration; Public space
“代際”是指社会不同代人之间的关系,包括了血缘、地缘、业缘群体之间的同代关系和异代关系[1]。全龄社区最初是随着老龄化社会发展而出现的养老社区模式,旨在改进机构型老年公寓和单一性老年社区的弊端,使老年人既能与子女在同一社区生活,也能享受到专业便利的医疗护理服务[2]。而在普及过程中,全龄社区逐渐演化为满足不同年龄段配置,适合全民居住的社区。由于老人和儿童相对弱势,全龄社区的研究和设计以塑造老年友好[3]或儿童友好[4]的社区空间为主,“全龄”的范畴局限为各年龄段的老人或儿童。这虽然使社区公共空间的分类更加具体,且基本实现了不同群体的分异,但由于人群与空间耦合的复杂性,以单一群体为主的使用空间无法满足各类群体的需要[5],代际冲突时有发生,社区公共空间的中立性和兼容性面临挑战。……
