澳门地被植物资源
2021-09-15侯庆纯高淑真秦新生
侯庆纯 高淑真 秦新生



摘要:地被植物是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。通过野外实地调查和文献查阅,现统计到澳门地被植物共有134科529属1 009种,其中禾本科(61属112种)、菊科(55属90种)和蕨类植物(46属83种)所含数量位列前三,草本类、灌木类和藤蔓类占比分别是72%(731种)、12%(117种)和16%(161种)。澳门的地被植物与广州、深圳、珠海相比,所含科和种的数量接近,物种密度最高。4个城市均主要应用爵床科、龙舌兰科、百合科、茜草科、天南星科、大戟科、马鞭草科以及蝶形花科等所含地被植物。针对澳门现有地被植物存在乡土植物开发利用程度小、外来物种运用过多、特色不鲜明等问题,提出因地制宜、应景而异、重视利用乡土植物和科学管养等建议。
关键词:澳门;地被;绿化;乡土植物
中图分类号:S688
文献标志码:A
文章编号:1671-2641(2021)04-0079-06
收稿日期:2020-12-22
修回日期:2021-04-07
Abstract: Ground cover plants are an indispensable part of urban landscaping. Through field research and literature review, 1009 species belonging to 529 genera and 134 families of ground cover plants are recorded in Macao. Among them, the species number of Gramineae (61 genera and 112 species), Compositae (55 genera and 90 species) and Pteridophytes (46 genera and 83 species) ranks among the top three. Herbs, shrubs, and vines account for 72% (731 species), 12% (117 species), and 16% (161 species) respectively. The number of families and species in Macao is close to that in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai, and the species density in Macao is the highest among the four cities. The ground cover plants mainly used in the 4 cities belong to Acanthaceae, Agavaceae, Liliaceae, Rubiaceae, Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae, and Fabaceae, et al. According to the problems of the existing ground cover plants in Macao, such as the low degree of exploitation and utilization of local plants, excessive use of alien species, and lack of regional features, this article proposes that planting should be adapted to local conditions, and the utilization of local plants and scientific management should be emphasized.
Key words: Macao; Ground cover plant; Landscape greening; Local plant
地被植物是指自然界中低矮的覆蓋在地面上的植物,较为常见的有草坪、蕨类植物、矮生灌木、短期花卉和蔓藤植物等[1]。地被植物通常相对矮小,枝叶层紧密且与地面相接,成群生长,覆盖地表,对地面兼具保护和装饰作用[2]。
地被植物作为园林植物中较大面积的覆盖层,能有效利用阳光进行光合作用,对周围环境起到净化空气的作用[3]。其姿态万千,色彩丰富,在实际应用过程中,通过与花、草、灌木等植物综合搭配,可以实现园林景观立体结构的构建,进而大幅度提升园林整体的观赏效果[4]。在现阶段园林建设中,地被植物起到烘托景观的作用,通常作为配景应用在花坛边缘、绿地林缘,或是用于实现对硬质景观的柔化[5]。……
