关键词：重大突发事件;法治政府;依法行政

摘 要：重大突发事件处置中必须加强法治政府建设，这是确保重大突发事件得到快速有效处置的需要;是加强对行政权力规制、保护公民合法权益的需要;是进一步完善国家治理体系和治理能力现代化内涵的需要。由于重大突发事件的不可预见性、处置的紧急性、相关法律制度的不完善等原因，法治政府建设也呈现出不同于常规状态的特点。尽管重大突发事件处置期间法治政府建设与常规状态有所不同，但必须坚守基本的法治底线，包括合目的性原则，比例原则以及不歧视原则，不侵害公民生命健康权、基本人格尊严原则等。重大突发事件处置中法治政府建设推进路径包括：制定重大突发事件处置的法治政府建设纲要，为法治政府建设提供纲领性指导方向、原则和基本要求;完善相关法律，制定一部站位更高、能起到统领作用的法律，为法治政府建设提供充分的法律依据。

中图分类号：D912.1文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）05-0080-12

On the Construction of the Government under the Rule of Law in the Handling of Major Emergencies

WANG Chun-ye （School of Law， Hohai University， Nanjing 211100， China）

Key words： major emergency; government by law; administration according to law

Abstract：The construction of the government under the rule of law must be strengthened in dealing with major emergencies， which is the need to ensure the rapid and effective handling of the major emergencies， to strengthen the regulation of administrative power and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens， to consummate the connotation of national governance system and the governance ability modernization. Due to the unpredictability of major emergencies， the urgency of handling， and the imperfection of the relevant legal system， the construction of the government under the rule of law also presents different characteristics from the conventional state. Although the construction of a government under the rule of law during the period of dealing with major emergencies is different from the conventional state， the basic bottom line of the rule of law must be upheld， which includes the following principles： the principle of purposiveness， the principle of proportionality and non-discrimination， the principle of non-infringement of citizens right to life and health， the principles of basic human dignity and so on. The ways of promoting the rule of law government in dealing with major emergencies include： formulating the outline of the handling of major emergencies to provide programmatic guidance， principles and basic requirements for the construction of the government under the rule of law; formulating laws that can play a leading role to provide a legal basis for the construction of a government ruled by law.

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重大突發事件，1“一般指突然发生，对全国或部分地区的国家安全和法律制度、社会安全和公共秩序、公民的生命和财产安全已经或可能构成重大威胁和损害，造成巨大的人员伤亡、财产损失和社会影响的，涉及公共安全的紧急公共事件”。[1]与重大突发事件相近的一个概念是紧急状态，2两者的区别在于，后者是指特别重大的突发事件，涉及到国家、社会和政府的存亡问题，其影响范围、严重程度、危害结果等比重大突发事件要严重得多。……