张忠

关键词：网络泛道德主义;内涵;表征;根源;风险治理

摘 要：网络泛道德主义是指网络虚拟空间出现的以道德僭越自身职能，以道德理想评判一切事物，以道德归因解释是非成败，以道德话语谋取权益为主要特征的一种怀疑主义与悲观主义的社会思潮与行为表现。网络泛道德主义在一定程度上既体现了在互联网生存时代人们批判意识的觉醒，对现实的关注热情，隐含了各种复杂的利益诉求;同时也加深了对社会发展的怀疑主义、悲观主义与否定主义的不良倾向，其潜在风险不容忽视。当前网络泛道德主义的兴起有其深刻而复杂的文化、社会与心理根源。为此，要加强法制建设、进行制度创新以保障和促进社会的公平与正义;加强网络舆论引导、强化网络生态治理以培育网民的理性参与能力，促进网络空间健康有序地发展。

中图分类号：C912.6文献标志码：A文章編号：1001-2435（2021）03-0120-10

A Critique of Network Pan-moralism： Symptoms，Roots and Governance

ZHANG Zhong （School of Physical Education and Humanities，Nanjing Sport Institute，Nanjing 210014，China）

Key words：network pan-moralism;connotations;representations;roots;risk governance

Abstract：The network pan-moralism refers to social thought and behaviors of skepticism and pessimism in the virtual space of the Internet，characterized mainly by surpassing moral own functions，judging everything with moral ideal，explaining the success or failure with moral attribution，and seeking rights and interests with moral discourse. To some extent，the network pan-moralism not only reflects the awakening of peoples critical consciousness and the enthusiasm for reality which implies a variety of complex interest demands，but also deepens the negative tendencies of skepticism，pessimism and negativism towards social development，and its potential risks cant be ignored.At present，the rise of network pan-moraliam has its complicated and profound cultural，social and psychological roots. Therefore，we should promote the rule of law and reinforce system innovations to guarantee and improve social fairness and justice，strengthen the guidance of network public opinions and the network ecological governance to cultivate the rational participation ability of Internet users and promote healthy and orderly development of cyberspace.

——————————————————————————————————————————

前 言

在传统社会，由于礼治秩序的维持与儒家意识形态的主导，泛道德主义不仅成为一种国家治理的社会现象和日常生活中的伦理景观，而且在漫长的历史进程中，逐渐演变为一种“集体潜意识”，沉淀于中国人文化心理的深层结构之中。自“五四”以降，伴随着一大批以“唤醒国人”和“救亡图存”为己任的启蒙知识分子对儒家传统伦理的激烈批判，以“道德的法律化”“道德的工具化”“道德万能”乃至“道德吃人”为特征的泛道德主义传统在一定程度上受到了“清算”。……