冀莹

关键词：宣扬;间接煽动;犯罪目的;违法性认识

摘 要：宣扬恐怖主义罪是为了预防恐怖主义犯罪而设定的危险犯，体现出反恐刑法的预防性特征。我国与其他国家和地区就宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪构成要件的规定存在类似之处。网络宣扬行为包括“美化型”宣扬以及“转发型”宣扬两种类型，我国已有判决中被入罪的多是网络空间中的“转发型”宣扬行为。宣扬恐怖主义犯罪不需要行为人具有实施恐怖主义、极端主义犯罪的犯罪目的。行为人对“宣扬恐怖主义物品”这一规范性构成要件要素应具有认识，否则可以排除故意。行为人也应认识到在网上宣扬和恐怖活动相关信息的违法性，在目前情况下，并不属于不可避免的禁止错误，不可排除责任。

中图分类号：D924.3文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）05-0100-11

Criminalization of Terrorist Propagation on the Website

JI Ying（Law School， University of International Business and Economics， Beijing 100029， China）

Key words： advocate; indirect incitement; criminal intention; cognition of illegality

Abstract： Criminalization of advocating terrorism aims to fight terrorism by controlling risks. It reflects the characteristics of preventive justice in China. Our legislation has similarities with other countries and districts in the crime of advocating terrorism and extremism. The crimes consist of “beautifying terrorism” and “reckless forwarding of terrorism”. Besides， most of those who have been convicted of crimes are “forwarding” propaganda behaviors in cyberspace. The aim of the offender to participate in terrorism is not one element of the offense. Furthermore， the offender has to act with the knowledge of the materials that he or she broadcast， and be conscious of the legality of his or her conduct. Otherwise， the offender will not be held liable for the crime. The offender should also be aware of the illegality of publicizing information related to terrorist activities on the Internet. Under the current circumstances， it does not belong to the unavoidable prohibition error and cannot be excluded from responsibility.

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2021年6月30日，中國常驻联合国代表张军大使在出席第二届联合国会员国反恐机构负责人高级别会议时指出，世界依然面临恐怖主义的现实威胁，应着力解决网络恐怖主义、极端化、恐怖融资等突出难题，形成工作合力。[1]网络恐怖主义一直是我国刑法打击的重点对象。以宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义犯罪为例，宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪是《刑法修正案（九）》新增的罪名，在修正案颁布以后，全国出现了多例判决，对网络上转发宣扬或载有恐怖主义、极端主义内容的视频行为进行处罚。1最高人民法院和最高人民检察院于2018年又颁布了《关于审理恐怖主义、极端主义犯罪若干法律适用问题的意见》（以下简称《意见》），对与恐怖主义、极端主义相关的犯罪进行解释，第一次设定了宣扬恐怖主义、极端主义罪的详细认定标准。……