关键词：胡适;《红楼梦》;“新红学”;阅读史;接受史

摘 要：胡适早期的《红楼梦》阅读选择经历了由“索隐”倾向到注重“方法”的科学“考证”式转变。这种转变的关键在于胡适注重“工具”与“材料”的研究“方法”革新，藉此强化“新红学”的开创性，促使《红楼梦》文本在胡适“新红学”考证体系下的首要存在身份是一种“史料”而非一部文学作品，最终形成以考证带动阅读获取的文本品评思路。此类“考证”式思路既革新了现代读者之于《红楼梦》的阅读期待及实践路径，亦促使现代读者获得参与《红楼梦》学术研究的入场券。它推动了彼时全民参与《红楼梦》考证的热情，促使“新红学”成为一股带有典范与权威特性，乃至隐含一定群众基础的现代学术潮流。

中图分类号：I207.409文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）05-0053-08

From “Index” to “Initiating a School”：Hu Shis Early Reading of A Dream of Red Mansions and Its Paradigmatic Significance

WEN Qing-xin （College of Literature， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou Jiangsu 225002， China）

Key words： Hu Shi; A Dream of Red Mansions; “New Hong Studies”; reading history; acceptance history

Abstract： Hu Shis early reading choices of A Dream of Red Mansions had undergone a scientific shift from “an exploration of connotation” to “methods”. The key reason for this change was that Hu Shi paid attention to method innovation of “instruments” and “materials”， and took the opportunity to strengthen a pioneering meaning. This made A Dream of Red Mansions became a “historical work” instead of literature in Hu Shis eyes. This textual interpretation method that emphasized textual research had updated the reading expectations of modern readers and practical routes， and prompted modern readers to obtain the qualifications to participate in the research of A Dream of Red Mansions. This action finally promoted the enthusiasm of the whole people to participate in the research of A Dream of Red Mansions at that time， thus forming a modern academic research trend with authority and mass foundation.

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自“新紅学”创建以来，胡适（1891—1962）研究《红楼梦》的方法、观点及其学术影响素为学界所推崇，已有数量颇为可观的探究之作。然而，罕有学者深入分析胡适早期对《红楼梦》的认知如何经历由“索隐”迈向“考证”的转变，胡适突显“新红学”的开创性如何影响其后来的《红楼梦》阅读等方面亦较少涉及。因此，探讨胡适早期阅读《红楼梦》的指导思想与方式方法，或将有助于更加细致还原胡适研究《红楼梦》的选择缘起及其历史必然性。

一、“索隐”倾向、注重“方法”与胡适早期的《红楼梦》阅读

在胡适写作《红楼梦考证》（初稿）前，有关胡适品读《红楼梦》的材料存留下来的并不多。其中，最重要的材料当属《藏晖室笔记之一》所载《小说丛话》与《建设的文学革命论》（1918年4月）两种。……