张勇

关键词：王右丞体;浑厚无迹;不住相

摘 要：作为王维诗总体风格的概括，“王右丞体”不同于“辋川体”，它是一个内蕴更为丰富的诗学结构。“浑厚无迹”为其总体风貌，具体表现为：感兴上，兴会神到、不可凑泊;意境上，兴象淡远、不落声色;情趣上，富有禅悦、不着禅迹;结构上，浑沦无迹、高厚沉雄;语句上，出语圆活、灵脱浑化。“王右丞体”的形成深受佛学的影响，“不住相”是其生成的总根源，“语无背触”“正言似反”“以用显体”“反常合道”等佛教“法门”则是其具体成因。

中图分类号：I207.22文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）05-0034-10

Poetic Implications and Buddhism Root of “Wang Youcheng Style”

ZHANG Yong （Research Center of Chinese Poetics， Anhui Normal University， Wuhu Anhui 241000， China）

Key words： Wang Youcheng style; vigorous and traceless; not being obsessed with appearance

Abstract： As a summary of the overall style of Wang Weis poetry， “Wang Youcheng Style”， different from “Wangchuan Style”， is a poetic structure with rich essence. It takes “vigorous and traceless” as its overall style and features. On stimulants to poems， it means that poems start naturally without any pretension. On poetic conception， it expresses itself as being tranquil and keeping a subtle distance. On poetic interest， it is full of Zen joy and flavor. On poetic structure， there is an overarching theme to keep it as a whole. On the poetic language， it means being smoothly implicit and elegant. The formation of “Wang Youcheng Style” is deeply influenced by Buddhism. “Not being obsessed with appearance” is the root cause. Specifically speaking， it means that “neither be positive nor negative”， “straight words seem crooked”， “see through appearance to perceive essence” and “go against common sense but accord with Zen idea”.

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一、引 言

“體”是中国古代文论的重要范畴，具有丰富的内涵。罗根泽将其分为两类，一是体派，即风格，如元和体、西昆体、李长吉体、李义山体等;二是体类，即体裁，如诗体、赋体、论体、序体等。[1]150罗宗强也将其分为两类，一是体裁，二是体貌，后者包括“某一位作者作品之体貌特征”。[2]罗宗强所谓“体貌”与罗根泽所谓“体派”意思相同，都是指文学作品的风格，两位先生也都把“以人而论”之“体”归为此类。这一观点得到学界的普遍赞成。本文也是在“风格”意义上讨论“王右丞体”概念。

作为“以人而论”之“体”，“王右丞体”应具备三个基本特征。一是独特性，其内涵应为王维诗所特有或在王维诗上表现得最为突出或由王维首创而后被发扬光大。二是多样性，从不同角度、不同层次来看，其内涵具有不同的表现。三是普遍性，在这多样性表现的背后有一个共同的、普遍的、稳定的风貌特征，此特征为不同题材、不同意境的王维诗所共有，不会因为表现内容的改变而改变。……