赵小琪 周秀勤

关键词：美国诗歌;中国形象;再造性想象;互文性想象;相反性想象

摘 要：20世纪美国诗歌的中国形象之所以呈现一种异于19世纪西方文学中国形象的风貌，与诗人们想象中国的方法有着非常重要的关系。大致而言，20世纪美国诗歌建构中国形象的方式主要包括三种：再造性想象、互文性想象、相反性想象。运用再造性想象，20世纪美国诗人再造中国器物表征与再造中国化视觉空间，旨在通过“发现”中国来言说自我。运用互文性想象，20世纪美国诗人对中国诗歌文体、句法结构、立意进行仿拟，对中国字和句进行直接粘贴，意在通过“师法”中国文学和文化来丰富自我。运用相反性想象，20世纪美国诗人将混乱、称霸的美国与和谐、友善的中国进行对比，意在通过“正视”中国来反思自我。可以说，这三种想象中国的方式，在20世纪美国的不同历史情势下，都成为这一时期美国诗人具有积极意义的批判性武器，它们以中国文化为参照系，对美国现实进行了社会和审美等方面的批判。

中图分类号：I106.2文献标志码：A文章编号：1001-2435（2021）05-0016-10

On the Construction Method of Chinese Image in the 20th Century American Poetry

ZHAO Xiao-qi，ZHOU Xiu-qin（College of Liberal Arts， Wuhan University， Wuhan Hubei 430072， China）

Key words：American poetry; Chinese image; reconstructed imagination; intertextual imagination; opposite imagination

Abstract：The reason why the Chinese image of American poetry in the 20th century presents a style different from the Chinese image of the 19th century Western literature has a very important relationship with the way they imagine China. Roughly speaking， there are three main ways of imagining China in American poetry in the 20th century， that is reconstructed imagination， intertextual imagination and opposite imagination. Using reconstructed imagination， American poets in the 20th century recreated the representation of Chinese artifacts and the Chinese visual space， aiming to express themselves by “discovering” China. Using intertextual imagination， American poets in the 20th century imitated the style， syntactic structure， and conception of Chinese poetry， and directly pasted Chinese characters and sentences， aiming to enrich themselves by “learning” Chinese literature and culture. Using the opposite imagination， American poets in the 20th century compared the chaotic and hegemonic America with the harmonious and friendly China， intending to reflect on themselves by “facing” China. It can be said that these three ways of imagining China， under different historical circumstances of the United States in the 20th century， have become a positive critical weapon for American poets in this period. They use Chinese culture as a reference frame to criticize the reality of the United States in social and aesthetic aspects.

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當来自英国维多利亚末期浪漫主义华丽繁冗的陈旧话语在美国文坛进退维谷时，20世纪的美国诗人在遥远的中国发现了崭新的世界图式与美学范式。随后，对于中国的想象成为其反观自我的重要方式。然而，长久以来，学界对这一领域的研究拘囿于“中国如何改变了美国现代诗”和“美国诗人如何看待中国诗学”两条路径。……