张宁 徐中亮 符海泉 Abdelaal W B 李东霞 王义 王富有

摘  要：为了评价‘Sewi‘Helali‘Khadrawy3个椰枣品种的耐受干旱胁迫能力，本研究采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG）进行胁迫处理，探讨不同品种椰枣种子、椰枣幼苗在聚乙二醇胁迫下生长指标和生理指标的变化特征。结果显示：在种子萌发阶段，‘Khadrawy在高浓度PEG胁迫下种子萌发率最高，‘Sewi次之;在幼苗期，3个品种在受到15%PEG和25%PEG胁迫时，‘Khadrawy鲜株重和根长均最大，其耐受渗透胁迫能力最强，叶片中生理指标脯氨酸含量较高，丙二醛含量较低，因此‘Khadrawy在高浓度PEG胁迫下生长量大，渗透调节能力最强，‘Sewi耐胁迫能力次之，‘Helali较差。综上结果，‘Khadrawy品种可能更适合干旱地区种植，比如海南的乐东、东方、三沙市和三亚等常年干旱少雨地域，盐碱化地域种植，而‘Helali可能更适合有一定降水量但降水量较少地域种植，比如海南昌江、陵水，云南元江等。

关键词：椰枣;聚乙二醇;胁迫;脯氨酸;丙二醛

Abstract： In order to evaluate the drought stress tolerance of three date palm cultivars （‘Sewi ‘Helali ‘Khadrawy）， different concentrations of PEG were used for stress treatment to discuss the characteristics of growth index and physiological index changes of date palm seeds and seedlings of different varieties under PEG stress. ‘Khadrawy had the highest seed germination rate under high PEG stress， followed by ‘Sewi cultivars. At the seedling stage， when the three cultivars were subjected to 15% PEG and 25% PEG stress， the fresh plant weight and root length of ‘Khadrawy were the highest， the osmotic stress tolerance ability was the strongest， the physiological index content of proline was high， and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） was low. Therefore， ‘Khadrawy had a large growth capacity and the strongest osmotic regulation ability under high concentration PEG stress， ‘Sewi was the second， and ‘Helali was the third. In conclusion， ‘Khadrawy may be more suitable for planting in arid regions， such as Ledong， Dongfang， Sansha and Sanya in Hainan， which are perennial arid and rainless， and salinization regions， while ‘Helali may be more suitable for planting in regions with a certain amount of precipitation but less precipitation， such as Changjiang， Lingshui in Hainan and Yuanjiang in Yunnan.

Keywords： date palm; PEG; stress; proline; malondialdehyde （MDA）

椰枣树（Phoenix dactylifera）是阿拉伯国家的重要木本粮食作物，被誉为“阿拉伯民族之树”，椰枣树和椰枣在阿拉伯人民日常生活中扮演了极为重要的角色，椰枣营养价值极高，是阿拉伯一些国家重要的出口农作物，在中东阿拉伯国家的生态和经济建设中发挥着重要作用[1]。中国同阿拉伯国家友谊源远流长，特别在共建“一带一路”过程中，中国本着互利共赢的原则开展中阿务实合作，拟在海南岛、三沙群岛等海岛地区引种椰枣，发展椰枣产业，丰富国民食品种类。因海南海岛地区四面环海，容易发生海水倒灌，引发土壤盐碱化[2]，淡水缺乏，土壤干旱限制了椰枣产业在海岛地区的发展，椰枣种类众多，所以筛选和培育耐干旱等耐受渗透胁迫能力强的椰枣品种具有重要的意义[3]。……