刘霏霏　袁康　李骏　洪显华　龚阳

摘   要：针对锂离子电池单体成组后温度场的非均匀性导致的热不一致性问题，以及高温下电池单体间的热交互引发的热安全性问题，采用仿真与试验相结合的方式，基于锂离子电池生-传热机理，设计了电池单体单独成组、电池单体之间夹隔泡沫棉、电池模组底部布置液冷板3种递进式散热方案，并对液冷板进行了优化设计. 采用有限元软件STAR-CCM+，仿真分析了3种方案下电池模组在不同放电倍率时的温度分布. 结果表明：增加泡沫棉可减少电池间的热交互，进而提高电池单体间的热均衡性. 在结合泡沫棉、导热板以及优化后（采用液冷管道串-并联组合方式）的液冷系统散热条件下，电池模组以2C倍率放电时最高温度为35.08 ℃，最大温差仅为4.85 ℃. 研究结果可为电池热管理散热系统结构设计提供一定的理论基础.

关键词：锂离子电池;液冷;散热;STAR-CCM+;结构优化

中图分类号：U469.72                            文献标志码：A

Optimal Design of Heat Dissipation Structure of

Lithium-ion Power Batteries Based on Liquid Cooling

LIU Feifei YUAN Kang LI Jun HONG Xianhua GONG Yang

（School of Mechatronics and Vehicle Engineering，East China Jiaotong University，Nanchang 330013，China）

Abstract：Aiming at solving the thermal inconsistency problem caused by non-uniformity of temperature field after lithium-ion battery cells are grouped，and the thermal safety problem caused by the thermal interaction between the battery cells at high temperature. The combined method with simulation and test is adopted. Three progressive heat dissipation schemes are designed based on the heat generation-transfer mechanism of lithium-ion batteries. including individual battery cells in groups，foam cotton between the battery cells，and liquid cooling plate arranged at the bottom of the battery module respectively. Also the liquid cooling plate is optimized. The finite element software STAR-CCM+ is used to simulate the temperature distribution of the battery modules at different discharge rates for the three schemes. The results show that the increase of foam cotton can reduce the thermal interaction between the batteries，thereby improving the thermal uniformity between the battery cells. Under the heat dissipation condition of the combination with foam cotton，heat conducting plate and optimized（using liquid cooled pipeline series parallel combination） liquid cooling system，the maximum temperature of the battery module is 35.08 ℃ at 2C discharge rate，and the maximum temperature difference is only 4.85 ℃. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the structure design of cooling system for battery thermal management.

Key words：lithium-ion batteries;liquid cooling;heat dissipation;STAR-CCM+;structural optimization

纯电动汽车未来是人类的主流交通工具之一，动力电池是其唯一的动力源[1]. 而温度是制约动力电池性能的最关键因素之一，其中最高温度和温度一致性左右着电池寿命和续航里程[2]. 因此，动力电池热管理研究是当下的主要热点之一. 锂离子动力电池理想的工作温度范围在25 ～ 40 ℃，且电芯单体之间温差不宜超过5 ℃[3]. 在电池的充放电过程中，模组本身由于化学反应会产生大量的热，如果热量不及时散出而积累在电芯内，会导致模组内部产……