白天泉 苏昕 姚俊杰 许劲松 安元银 熊伟

摘 要：采用形态学的方法，对山泉水养殖杂交鲟仔稚鱼及幼鱼进行了为期75 d的生长发育研究。织金县桂果镇岔河村山泉水水温14～17 ℃、溶氧>7 mg/L，仔稚鱼阶段水交换量为11.67 m3/d，幼鱼阶段水交换量为51.84 m3/d，仔鱼出膜后至第7天，为卵黄囊仔鱼期，卵黄囊呈椭圆形;第8天开口摄食，卵黄囊消失，为仔鱼晚期;在第36天鱼体肛门前臀鳍消失，体透明特征消失进入稚鱼期;第56天器官发育完成，外部形态与成鱼一致，进入幼鱼期。对所测量180尾杂交鲟数据进行回归分析，拟合出体长生长模型：L=1.2973e0.0282t（R2=0.9768）;体重生长模型：W=0.0481e0.0725t（R2=0.958）;体长-体重生长模型：W=0.0241L2.5877（R2=0.9948）;体长-体高生长模型：L=1.3437e1.3408H（R2=0.9522）。通过试验研究，初步获得了山泉水养殖条件下，杂交鲟仔稚鱼的生长发育规律。

关键词：杂交鲟;仔稚鱼;幼鱼;生长;发育

中图分类号：S917.4

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）04-0077-05

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.04.011

Abstract：The growth and development of larval and juvenile hybrid sturgeon （Acipenser baeri Acipenser sehrenckii） were studied in spring water by morphological method for 75 days.The temperature of spring water was 14～17 ℃，dissolved oxygen >7 mg/L in Chahe Village，Guiguo Town，Zhijin County.The water exchange capacity of larval stage and juvenile was 11.67 and 51.84m3/d，respectively.The yolk sac stage was on the 7th day after the larva emerged from the membrane，and the yolk sac was elliptic;on the 8th day，the yolk sac disappeared，and it was the late stage of larva;on the 36th day，the anal fin in front of the anus and the transparent characteristics of the body disappeared，and the fish entered the larval stage;on the 56th day，the organ development was completed，and the external morphology was the same as that of the adult fish，and it entered the juvenile stage.The measured data of 180 hybrid sturgeons were analyzed by regression and the body length growth model was fitted：L=1.2973e0.0282t （R2=0.976）;weight growth model：W=0.0481e0.0725t （R2=0.958）;Length-weight growth model：L=1.3437e1.3408H （R2=0.9522）.Through this experimental study，the growth and development rules of hybrid sturgeon larvae and juvenile under the condition of spring water culture were obtained preliminarily.

Keywords：hybrid sturgeon;fish larvae;juvenile;growth;development

鱼类早期生活史研究是鱼类自然资源繁殖保护和养殖业苗种培育的基础[1]，鱼类早期发育阶段成活率关系到鱼类年际补充量的大小，是引起種群数量变动和年龄结构变化的主要原因[2]。西伯利亚鲟（Acipenser baeri）与史氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）的杂交后代（俗称“西杂”），具有生长速度快、适应性广、抗病力强等特点[3]。是目前鲟鱼养殖的主要对象[4]。在杂交鲟（Acipenser baeri♀×Acipenser sehrenckii♂）早期发育阶段，各部分器官开始生长发育，该发育阶段比较脆弱，受环境影响，死亡率很高。研究杂交鲟鱼早期发育特征，对提高苗种存活率有重要意义。学者们在鲟形目（Acipensriformes）仔稚鱼胚后发育和生长方面有较多的研究。

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