刘安凯 史登林 王小利 段建军 郭琴波 徐彬 杨天海 侯再芬

摘 要：本研究采用大田試验结合室内培养，以无还田为对照（CK），对比研究了秸秆（S1、S2和S3）和生物炭（B1、B2和B3）等碳量还田（施碳量依次为2.67、5.34 和8.01 t/hm2）对黄壤稻田土壤有机碳矿化和水稻产量及品质的影响。结果表明：与对照CK处理相比，秸秆和生物炭还田的土壤有机碳（SOC）分别显著提高39.3%～48.0%和33.4%～57.9%;除B1处理外，等碳量施用秸秆生物炭（B2和B3）处理较施用秸秆（S2和S3）处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化率分别显著降低了1.21和1.02个百分点，说明等碳量条件下生物炭还田对土壤的固碳效果优于秸秆。SOC矿化速率随时间的动态变化规律均符合对数函数关系（P<0.01）;各处理SOC的累积矿化量随培养时间呈增加趋势，但其累积释放强度逐渐减慢至趋于稳定。秸秆和生物炭还田处理的水稻籽粒产量分别增加了11.6%～16.1%和5.0%～16.8%，以S1处理和B2处理增产效果较好;秸秆和生物炭还田处理对稻谷糙米率、垩白度、垩白粒率等加工品质和碱消值、直链淀粉、蛋白质含量等营养品质有明显影响。综上，适量生物炭（8 t/hm2）还田在提高水稻产质和土壤有机碳的同时降低其累积矿化率，增强土壤固碳能力，可作为贵州黄壤稻田土壤固碳培肥的较好选择。

关键词：秸秆;生物炭;黄壤稻田;有机碳矿化;产量

中图分类号：S158.5

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）04-0038-08

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.04.006

Abstract：This study used field experiment combined with indoor cultivation，with no return to field as the control，and compared the straw （S1，S2，and S3） and biochar （B1，B2 and B3） carbon return to the field （carbon content applied in the order：2.67 t/hm2，5.34 t/hm2 and 8.01 t/hm2） on soil organic carbon mineralization and rice yield and quality in yellow paddy soil.The results showed that：compared with the control，the soil organic carbon （SOC） of straw and biochar returned to the field was significantly increased by 39.3%～48.0% and 33.4%～57.9%，respectively;except for the B1 treatment，the same amount of carbon application of straw biochar （B2 and B3） significantly reduced the cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon by 1.21 and 1.02 percentage points compared with the treatment with straws （S2 and S3），indicating that the effect of biochar in the field on soil carbon sequestration under the condition of equal carbon content was better than that of straw.The dynamic changes of SOC mineralization rate with time were in accordance with the logarithmic function relationship （P<0.01）;the cumulative mineralization of each treatment SOC increased with the incubation time，but the cumulative release intensity gradually slowed down to stabilize.Rice grain yield under straw and biochar returning treatments increased by 11.6%～16.1% and 5.0%～16.8%，respectively，and S1 and B2 treatments had better yield increasing effect.The treatment of straw and biochar returning to the field had a significant impact on brown rice percentage，chalkiness degree，chalkiness grain percentage and nutritional quality such as alkali-loss value，amylose content and protein content of rice.In conclusion，an appropriate amount of biochar （8 t/hm2） returned to the field can improve rice yield and soil organic carbon，reduce the cumulative mineralization rate，and enhance soil carbon sequestration capacity.Therefore，it can be a good choice for soil carbon sequestration and fertilizer cultivation in yellow paddy soil in Guizhou.

Keywords：straw;biochar;yellow soil paddy field;organic carbon mineralization;yield

土壤有机碳（SOC）是陆地生态系统中活性最强的碳库组成部分，也是表征土壤肥力的重要指标，其细微改变对大气二氧化碳（CO2）浓度甚至全球碳平衡产生重大影响[1]，大气中CO2约5%～20%来源于土壤[2]。农作物秸秆作为可再生资源，富含作物生长发育所必需的营养元素，对其进行有效利用不仅减少农业环境污染，也是实现节能减排及土壤固碳培肥的有效措施[3]。据统计[4]，中国作为主要产粮国，每年秸秆资源产量约为8亿t，秸秆直接焚烧和乱堆乱放带来一系列环境问题。因此，秸秆资源合理、高效和绿色利用对我国生态文明建设和农业可持续发展意义重大。

土壤有机碳矿化作为陆地生态系统中重要的生物化学过程，其矿化动态过程、矿化速率和矿化率的高低影响土壤中植物所需养分的释放与供应、温室气体的形成及土壤肥力的保持与提升等[5-6]。……