周丹 郅军锐 宋佳 岳文波 张涛 邹健

摘 要：为明确西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis对不同食物短期适应机制，用玫瑰花瓣、玫瑰花朵（含花粉花蜜）和10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚3种类别食物分别饲喂西花蓟马成虫，在1 h、3 h、6 h、9 h、12 h、24 h和48 h测定西花蓟马体内蛋白质、可溶性糖和脂肪的含量。结果表明：西花蓟马成虫体内蛋白质含量不论在何时间下均为取食10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚显著最高，大多时间取食玫瑰花朵的次之，取食玫瑰花瓣的最低。除3 h、6 h和48 h外，取食玫瑰花朵和10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚的成虫可溶性糖含量差异不明显。脂肪含量在3 h到12 h时，均是取食玫瑰花朵的最高，取食10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚次之，但在1 h、24 h和48 h时为取食10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚的最高。研究结果表明西花蓟马能快速调节其体内营养物质的含量来响应食物的转换，且这种变化与食物的种类及取食时间长短有关。

关键词：西花蓟马;不同食物;营养物质;适应性

中图分类号：S43

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）04-0018-06

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.04.003

Abstract：In order to clarify the short-term adaptation mechanism of Frankliniella occidentalis to different foods，F.occidentali adults were fed with three foods of rose petal，rose flower （containing pollen and nectar） and 10% honey solution+kidney bean pod for 1，3，6，9，12，24 and 48 h，respectively.The contents of protein，soluble sugar and lipid in F.occidentalis adults were determined.The results showed that the protein content in adults was the highest when thrips fed with 10% honey solution+kidney bean pod in all different times.In most times，the protein in F.occidentali fed with rose flower had second higher content，and this content was lowest when fed with rose petal.There was no significant difference in the soluble sugar contents when fed with 10% honey solution+kidney bean pod and rose flower except for 3，6 and 48 h.The content of lipid was highest when thrips fed with rose flower at 3 and 12 h and followed by 10% honey solution+kidney bean pod，but the content of lipid was highest when thrips fed with 10% honey solution+kidney at 1，24 and 48 h.The results of the study indicated that F.occidentalis could quickly adjust nutrient contents in respond to different foods，and the changes were related to the type of foods and the length of feeding time.

Keywords：Frankliniella occidentalis;different foods;nutrient;adaptation

西花薊马Frankliniella occidentalis又称苜蓿蓟马，属缨翅目Thysanoptera、蓟马科Thripidae，是重要的入侵害虫。自西花蓟马于2003年首次在北京郊外辣椒棚里被发现以后[1]，已扩散至云南、贵州、宁夏等多个省份[2-4]。该害虫可以通过取食、产卵及传播病毒对植物进行危害[5]。其寄主范围广，食性杂，由于具有嗜食花粉花蜜的特性[6-7]，对花卉的为害非常严重。很多学者报道了花粉花蜜对西花蓟马生长发育及繁殖力的促进作用[8-10]。如在凤仙花未开花之前添加花粉，能增加西花蓟马的繁殖力，显著提高种群数量[8];添加玫瑰花粉、茶花花粉、油菜花粉能显著增加西花蓟马的产卵量[9];在豆荚上添加苹果花粉能缩短西花蓟马若虫的发育时间，提高净繁殖率和内禀增长率[10]。……