灰色-层次分析法在基坑支护方法选取教学中的应用
2021-09-12白建光张雁李海军
白建光 张雁 李海军



摘 要:为了保证基坑工程安全,降低基坑支护工程造价,满足基坑工程施工要求并减少对周边环境的影响,基坑边坡需采用恰当的支护方法。基坑支护方法选用是一项受多种因素制约的综合性系统工程。文章以实际工程为例,在考虑支护结构、施工及环境影响等因素的基础上,通过层次分析法确定各影响因素权值,采用灰色分析法对支护方法进行决策分析。该方法应用于基坑工程教学中,取得了良好的教学效果,为基坑支护方法合理的决策分析提供了新途径。
关键词:灰色-层次分析;基坑支护;方法选取
中图分类号:G642 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2021)23-0113-04
Abstract: In order to ensure the safety of foundation pit engineering, reduce the cost of foundation pit supporting engineering, meet the construction requirements and reduce the impact on surrounding environment, it is necessary to adopt appropriate methods for decision analysis of supporting scheme. The decision of foundation pit supporting scheme is a comprehensive project restricted by many factors. As an example of practical engineering in the paper, on the basis of considering the supporting structure, construction and environmental impact factors, the weight of each factor is determined by AHP and decision analysis on foundation pit supporting scheme is done by gray analysis method. This method has been applied to the teaching of foundation pit engineering and achieved good teaching effect. It provides a new way for reasonable decision analysis of foundation pit supporting schemes.
Keywords: gray analysis method and AHP; foundation pit supporting; selection analysis
基坑支護是一项临时性工程,常得不到建筑施工企业和业主的高度重视,不选用合理的支护方法,只注重降低成本,致使高层建筑深基坑安全问题频出[1]。随着高层建筑开发数量增加及城市用地趋于紧张,地下工程深度也在加深,深基坑边坡支护显得更加重要[2],且更加严格[3]。
目前的基坑支护方法主要有自然放坡、土钉墙、排桩、水泥土墙及结合锚索和支撑形成的复合支护结构。各种支护结构具有一定的适用条件及局限性,比如土钉墙的阳角和阴角的空间效应[4]及常规挡土墙在非饱和土下的稳定性等[5]。基坑支护方法选取的影响因素很多,存在极强的不确定性和模糊性[6]。目前已有一些优选的方法,但存在一定的不足或局限。郑绍羽等[7]和王望珍等[8]采用博弈论集结理论对混合指标基坑支护方法进行优选,减少了有效信息的流失,更多程度包含主客观信息,但是其评价方法的最佳组合数量还需要进一步研究。……
