郑梅霞 陈宏 苏海兰 江乃光 刘勇 董维水 高嫣 王旭卉 朱育菁

摘 要：通过基地调研、文献综合分析和前期多年的多花黄精林下栽培生产实践，归纳总结了多花黄精的生态习性以及林下仿生态栽培关键技术要点。以多花黄精的生态习性和环境要求为主要依据，对多花黄精林下仿生态栽培林地选择、种苗选择及处理、仿生态栽培技术、病虫害防控、采收加工及效益分析等进行系统研究和总结。实施和推广林下仿生态栽培多花黄精，不仅有利于林地的生态环境的充分利用，生产高质量的中药材以缓解市场供需矛盾，而且对增加农民收入，发展林下经济从而带动地方经济的发展具有积极意义。

关键词：多花黄精;林下;仿生態;栽培技术

中图分类号：S 567.239  文献标志码：A  文章编号：0253-2301（2021）06-0036-04

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.06.006

Abstract： Based on the base investigation， comprehensive literature analysis and the practice of understory cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the early years， the ecological habits and the key technical points of the bionic cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema under forest were summarized. On the basis of the ecological habits and environmental requirements of Polygonatum cyrtonema， the selection of woodland， the selection and treatment of seedlings， the cultivation technology， the prevention and control of diseases and pests， the harvesting and processing， and the benefit analysis of the bionic cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema under forest were systematically studied and summarized. The implementation and promotion of the bionic cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema under forest was not only beneficial to make full use of the ecological environment of woodland， produce the high-quality Chinese medicinal materials to ease the contradiction between supply and demand in the market， but also had positive significance to increase the farmers′ income and develop the under-forest economy， thus to drive the development of local economy.

Key words： Polygonatum cyrtonema; Under-forest; Bionic; Cultivation techniques

多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema属于百合科黄精属Polygonatum Mill.，分布于我国福建、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、广东和浙江等地区[1]。“黄精补诸虚，填精髓，平补气血而润”，早在《本草纲目》中就有记载[2]。多花黄精含有包括多糖、甾体皂苷、生物碱、黄酮、植物甾醇及挥发油等多种活性成分[3]，使其具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗菌、调节免疫力、调节血脂和改善记忆力等药理作用[4]。

多花黄精喜阴耐寒，野生多花黄精多分布于山地灌木丛。适宜条件下，种子于地下完成周期生长，第二年再分化叶原基形成单叶的幼苗。多花黄精苗适宜在春天进行种植，并且在5月后现蕾开花[5]。目前由于过度采挖等原因，使得野生多花黄精资源不断减少，难以满足日益增长市场需求。……