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不同栽培措施对元胡产量的影响

2021-09-12苏海兰陈宏方仙林高嫣郑梅霞王旭卉邱红斌朱育菁

福建农业科技 2021年6期

苏海兰 陈宏 方仙林 高嫣 郑梅霞 王旭卉 邱红斌 朱育菁

摘 要:为了提高福建省元胡栽培关键技术,通过3年多田间试验,研究元胡栽培关键技术包括元胡种茎用量、种茎不同贮存条件、科学施肥及光照条件等对元胡产量的影响。结果表明:元胡栽培关键技术参数为:元胡种茎用量600~750 kg·hm-2,种茎最优贮存条件为山窖等阴冷、干燥环境,施肥条件为基肥施腐熟的羊粪15000 kg·hm-2+钙镁磷750 kg·hm-2,苗期施氮肥125 kg·hm-2、磷肥75 kg·hm-2和钾肥180 kg·hm-2,光照条件为全日照,元胡产量最高可达6144 kg·hm-2。

关键词:元胡;种茎;贮存;光照;肥料

中图分类号:S 567.239   文献标志码:A   文章编号:0253-2301(2021)06-0001-05

Abstract: In order to improve the key cultivation techniques of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang in Fujian Province, through more than 3 years of field experiments, the effects of the key cultivation techniques including the amount of seed stem, different storage conditions of seed stem, scientific fertilization and light conditions on the yield of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang were studied . The results showed that the key technical parameters for the cultivation of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang were as follows: the dosage of seed stem of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang was 600-750 g·hm-2. The optimal storage conditions of seed stem were under the cold and dry environment such as the mountain cellar. The fertilization conditions were 15000 kg·hm-2 of decomposed sheep manure and 750 kg·hm-2 of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus as base fertilizer, 125 kg·hm-2 of nitrogen fertilizer, 75 kg·hm-2 of phosphorus fertilizer and 180 kg·hm-2 of potash fertilizer at the seedling stage under the full-sun lighting condition. Then, the maximum yield of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang could reach 6144 kg·hm-2.

Key words: Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang; Seed stem; Storage; Illumination; Fertilizer

元胡是中華人民共和国药典(2020年版一部)收载的罂粟科延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang干燥块茎[1],具有理气、止痛、活血、散瘀的功效,其中以止痛功效最为著名[2-3],是止痛系列中成药的原料之一[4],为大宗常用中药材[5]。浙江、陕西、安徽、湖北、福建和河南等地有栽培元胡[6],其中,元胡是浙江传统“浙八味”之一,有逾1200年的栽培历史[5,7]。元胡具有生长周期短和投资成本低等特点,是近年来冬闲期热门种植的品种,且农民种植元胡的意愿较强[8]。福建省南平市也有栽培元胡的历史,但存在农户种植技术水平参差不齐且产量差异较大等问题。虽然姜浩明[9]、王玉鹏等[10]、么厉等[11]、郭美琴等[12]、梅明清等[13]和李汉一[14]报道了元胡高产栽培技术的相关文献,但多为技术总结,对各项栽培技术措施的对比试验研究较少。本研究在前期调研的基础上,结合农户实际栽培过程中的需求,2018-2020年连续3年在福建省光泽县崇仁、寨里和司前3个乡镇开展元胡种植种茎用量、种茎不同贮存条件、科学施肥及光照条件等关键栽培技术进行试验研究,以期为福建省元胡产业发展提供栽培关键技术参考依据。……

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