江巍 李春维 周美玲 蔡建荣 何胜生

摘 要：从收集引进的花生品种中筛选出适合本地种植的品种作为亲本，利用系谱法杂交选育出14个花生新品系，以龙花128为对照，开展比较试验及加工属性鉴定。结果表明：综合产量、品质及加工属性考察，14个花生新品系中龙花182、龙花1821、龙花184、龙花186和龙花194等5个品系田间长势良好，荚果产量均比对照增产3%以上，籽仁产量增产2%以上，双仁果率>78%，蛋白质含量>28%，含油量≤49%，油亚比≥1.1，出仁率>82 g·hg-1，纯质率>89 g·hg-1，综合表现优异;其中龙花182的荚果产量及籽仁产量最高，比对照增产达极显著和显著水平，其双仁果率81.4%，蛋白质含量29.1%，含油量48.6%，油亚比1.1，出仁率82.6 g·hg-1，纯质率94.2 g·hg-1，各项指标均符合加工咸酥花生的标准，可进一步开展品种登记加以推广利用;其余4个品系可作为后备品系继续参加试验。

关键词：花生;新品系;比较试验;品质;加工鉴定

中图分类号：S 565.2   文献标志码：A   文章編号：0253-2301（2021）06-0045-07

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.06.008

Abstract： The peanut varieties suitable for the local cultivation were selected from the introduced peanut varieties as the parents， and 14 new strains of peanut were bred by hybridization by using the pedigree method. Longhua 128 was used as the control group to carry out the comparative tests and the identification of processing properties. The results showed that according to the comprehensive investigation of yield， quality and processing properties， Longhua 182， Longhua 1821， Longhua 184， Longhua 186 and Longhua 194 of the 14 new strains of peanut grew well in the field. Compared with the control group， the pod yield and kernel yield were increased by more than 3% and 2%， the double kernel fruit rate>78%， the protein content >28%， the oil content ≤49%， the kernel yield>82 g·hg-1， and the pure matter rate>89 g·hg-1， showing that the comprehensive performance was excellent. Among which， the pod yield and the seed kernel yield of Longhua 182 were the highest and increased significantly compared with the control group， while the double kernel fruit rate was 81.4%， the protein content was 29.1%， the oil content was 48.6%， the kernel yield was 82.6 g·hg-1， and the pure matter yield was 94.2 g·hg-1. All the indexes were in line with the processing standard of salted criscoating peanut， so Longhua 182 could be further promoted and utilized through the variety registration. The other 4 strains could be used as the backup strains to continue to participate in the experiment.

Key words： Peanut; New strains; Comparative test; Quality; Processing and identification

龙岩咸酥花生历史悠久，可上溯到明朝万历年间，是福建省重要的地方特色花生加工产品，更是我国烤花生类产量及规模最大的产品之一[1-3]。龙岩咸酥花生于2008年被列入国家地理标志产品保护名单[4-5]，于2011年被列入省级非物质文化遗产，是龙岩市农业八大主导产业之一[6-7]。近年来，龙岩本地种植花生品种面临种质资源退化，而引进的花生品种大多是油食兼用型，加工属性不佳。因此，鉴定并利用优质花生品种开展加工专用型花生品种（系）的选育迫在眉睫。龙岩咸酥花生是以花生荚果为原料进行加工，其外观品质要求形态完整、网纹清晰、颗粒饱满，百果重180 g左右，双仁果率达75%以上，芽果率≤3%;内在品质要求蛋白质≥28%，脂肪46%～50%，出仁率≥65%[8-10]。由于龙岩咸酥花生……