李和平 何炎森 余松金

摘 要：植物形态学特征的观察描述为植物遗传学分析提供依据。通过观测20份从国内各花卉公司引进的石斛兰资源形态学性状，并基于观测性状分析这些品种资源的亲缘关系。根据花朵数量、花大小、花香、花色等因素，从20份被观察石斛兰中筛选出6份观赏性强、开发价值高的石斛兰品种，包括布兰诗歌、澳洲泼墨石斛、金钗石斛、聚石斛、胭脂和桃花依旧。对20份引进的石斛兰品种资源进行形态学的聚类分析，发现各资源间遗传差异较大，相似系数在0.78～0.91，相似系数在0.90以上的有4组，分别是澳洲红花石斛与澳洲金边石斛、糖果线条与尊贵、布兰诗歌与三亚阳光、阿当绿与桃花依旧，这对石斛兰育种、栽培和应用均有重要的指导作用。

关键词：石斛兰;形态学;遗传多样性;资源

中图分类号：S 567.239   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）06-0015-07

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.06.003

Abstract： The observation and description of plant morphological characteristics can provide a basis for the plant genetics analysis. The morphological characters of 20 Dendrobium nobile resources imported from various domestic flower companies were observed， and the genetic relationships of these variety resources were analyzed based on the observed characters. According to the factors such as the number of flowers， flower size， flower fragrance， and color， 6 varieties of Dendrobium nobile with strong ornamental value and high development value were screened out from the 20 varieties of Dendrobium nobile， including Bulanshige， Dendrobium lichenastrum， Dendrobium nobile Lindl.， Dendrobium lindleyi， Yanzhi， and Taohuayijiu. The morphological cluster analysis of the introduced 20 varieties of Dendrobium nobile resources was conducted， showing that there were significant genetic differences among the varieties， with the similarity coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.91. The four groups with the similarity coefficients above 0.90 were Dendrobium miyakei and Dendrobium nobile Lindl.， Tangguoxiantiao and Zungui， Bulanshige and Sanyayangguang， Adanglv and Taohuayijiu， respectively. These results had important guiding effect on the breeding， cultivation and application of Dendrobium nobile.Key words： Dendrobium Nobile; Morphology; Genetic diversity; Resources

石斛属Dendrobium植物是蘭科植物中继石豆兰属之后的第二大属，为多年生草本附生植物。全球原生种有1500多种，除个别种外，皆属附生兰类。从全球来看，石斛属分布比较广，主要分布在北纬15°31′至南纬25°12′的热带及亚热带地区，在我国则主要分布在秦岭、淮河以南[1-2]。石斛兰以其优美的花形、花姿，艳丽多彩，种类繁多，花期长，气味芳香等优异特点成为一种观赏价值极高的花卉，具有良好的市场前景[3-4]。

我国野生石斛兰种类繁多，资源丰富，前人已采用模糊数学法[5]、Q型聚类分析法[6]及层次分析法[7]等对石斛兰观赏价值及品种群进行宏观划分，但微观评价指标仍然不足。……