卜春燕 米成林 汪延彬

摘要：以甘肃省榆中县为例，建立县域耕地质量监测评价体系，运用"重点因素划定"方法划分县域耕地质量渐变类型分区并确定主导因素，布设监测样点。对样点的主导因素进行监测，获取样点等别变化情况，通过计算各监测样点代表面积，进而估算出渐变类型分区、县域耕地等别变化情况。结果表明，相比2017年耕地质量更新评价成果，榆中县耕地国家利用等级平均提高0.38等。榆中县耕地质量变化的主导因素为灌溉保证率和土壤有机质含量。干旱瘠薄型和山地干旱型分区灌溉保证率未发生变化，肥力提升型区域土壤有机质含量有降低趋势。为了提升榆中县耕地质量，对于无灌溉保证率的问题，需实施引灌工程进行解决，而土壤有机质含量较低则需通过长期持续的测土配方施肥或农家肥大量施用等手段解决。

关键词：耕地质量等别;渐变类型分区;监测样点;榆中县

中图分类号：S158       文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）08-0028-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.08.008

Abstract：Taking Yuzhong County in Gansu Province as an example， the monitoring and evaluation system of cultivated land quality at county level was established， using the method of “key factor delineation” to divide the county-level cultivated land quality gradual change types，determines the leading factors， and arranges monitoring points. Monitor the dominant factors of the sample points， obtain the changes of the sample points，and calculate the representative area of each monitored sample， and then estimate the change of the gradual type districts and the cultivated land of the county. The results showed that compared with the updated evaluation results of the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County in 2017， the national utilization of cultivated land in Yuzhong County has increased by 0.38 on average. The main factors for changes in the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County are the irrigation guarantee rate and the content of soil organic matter.The arid and barren type and the mountain arid type have no change in the guarantee rate of zoning irrigation， and the soil organic matter content in the fertility-enhancing area has a tendency to decrease. In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Yuzhong County， irrigation projects should be implemented to solve the problem of no irrigation guarantee rate， while the low soil organic matter content should be solved by long-term continuous soil testing and formula fertilization or large amount of farm fertilizer application.

Key words：Cultivated land quality level;Gradient type partition ;Monitoring sample;Yuzhong County

耕地是人類赖以生存及发展的非常重要的土地资源，伴随着社会经济的发展，耕地质量的调查工作显得尤为重要[1 - 3 ]。2009年根据国土资源部重点工作安排，甘肃省完成了省域农用地分等工作，并于2011年底完成全省耕地质量等别补充完善工作，全面摸清了甘肃省耕地的质量及分布情况。2014年起，每年对耕地质量成果进行年度更新，该项工作的主要目的是查清年度内新增、减少和质量建设耕地的质量[4 - 5 ]。近年来，由于自然及利用方式的影响，现有耕地质量已出现渐变趋势，因此通过抽样监测渐变耕地，全面掌握年度内耕地质量等别渐变类型、分布范围及主导因素变化情况，分析耕地质量等别和产能变化趋势十分必要。……