新型复合施肥模式在辣椒上的应用研究
2021-09-12马超荆爱霞柴政赵娟
马超 荆爱霞 柴政 赵娟



摘要:研究了有机肥、微生物菌肥和化肥搭配使用对辣椒产量、品质及土壤质量的影响。结果表明,施用有机肥30 000 kg/hm2、微生物菌肥(枯草孢杆菌50亿/mL)900 kg/hm2、尿素540.0 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵 270.0 kg/hm2、硫酸钾38.7 kg/hm2时,辣椒产量最高,为22 853.2 kg/hm2,较施尿素900.0 kg/hm2、磷酸二铵450.0 kg/hm2、硫酸钾64.5 kg/hm2时增产3 006.8 kg/hm2,增产率15.15%,增收5 183.2元/hm2。说明在辣椒生产中,单施化肥或单使有机肥+生物肥,都不能获得最佳经济效益,有机肥、微生物肥和化肥合理配比才能提高作物的产量和品质。
关键词:复合施肥模式;辣椒;产量;土壤质量;酒泉市
中图分类号:S641.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)08-0021-05
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.08.006
Abstract:The effects of organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on pepper yield, quality and soil quality were studied. The results showed that the highest pepper yield was 22 853.2 kg/hm2 when organic fertilizer was 30 000 kg/hm2, microbial fertilizer was 900 kg/hm2(bacillus substilis 5 billion/mL), urea was 540.0 kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate was 270.0 kg/hm2 and potassium sulfate was 38.7 kg/hm2. Compared with the application of urea 900.0 kg/hm2, diammonium phosphate 450.0 kg/hm2 and potassium sulfate 64.5 kg/hm2, the yield increased by 3 006.8 kg/hm2(15.15%) and the income increased by 5 183.2 yuan/hm2. It shows that the optimum economic benefit could not be obtained by applying only chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer + biological fertilizer, but the yield and quality of crops could be improved only by reasonable proportion of organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
Key words:Compound fertilization model;Pepper;Yield;Soil quality;Jiuquan City
酒泉位于河西走廊的最西端,因其独特的地理条件和气候特点[1 ],是多种蔬菜的生产基地,也树立了一些优秀的蔬菜品牌,如酒泉洋葱、瓜州蜜瓜、金塔辣椒等。其中,金塔县生产的辣椒肉厚油多、色红形正、辣浓味香、品质优良,为色素辣椒和干制辣椒的优质原料,年生产面积在0.33万hm2,总产量约10.5万t,产值2.5亿元。但在辣椒生产中重茬种植、有机肥使用不足、偏施氮肥、肥料配施不合理等问题日益严重。为此,我们通过微生物肥、有机肥、化肥配合使用来减少辣椒生产中的化肥用量,为探索高产高效辣椒复合施肥模式提供参考依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料
指示辣椒品种为甘科16号,购自当地种子市场。供试化肥尿素(N 46%)、磷酸二铵(N、P2O5、K2O质量比为18∶46∶0)为云南云天化股份有限公司生产;硫酸钾(K2O≥52%)为河北高桥农业科技有限公司生产;菌动力复合微生物肥(枯草芽孢杆菌50亿/mL)为北京世纪阿姆斯生物技术有限公司生产。……
