骆科胜 李峪 兰方强 张永江

摘要：贵州碾茶茶园覆网方式主要有直接覆盖、隧道式覆盖和大棚覆盖3种，其中直接覆盖成本最低，用工最少，操作简单，但容易使蓬面芽叶受损或被灼伤，芽叶产量相对偏低且品质有所下降;大棚覆盖成本最高，用工最多，操作复杂，但蓬面芽叶较完整，受损小，产量较高，芽叶品质有所提高;隧道式覆盖一次性投入比大棚覆盖少，但实际操作时用工较多，芽叶品质则位于前两者之间。

关键词：碾茶茶园;直接覆盖;隧道式覆盖;大棚覆盖

Analysis on Sunshade Net Covering

Modes in Tea Garden in Guizhou

LUO Kesheng， LI Yu， LAN Fangqiang， ZHANG Yongjiang

Guizhou Guicha （Group） Co.， Ltd.， Guiyang 550025， China

Abstract： There are three main ways of covering sunshade net in Guizhou tea garden： direct coverage， tunnel coverageand greenhouse coverage. Among them， direct coverage shows the lowest cost， the least labor force and the simplestoperation. But the buds and leaves on the canopy surface under direct coverage are easy to be lost or burned， which results in low output and reduced tea quality. The greenhouse coverage shows the highest cost and labor force， andthe most complex operation. But the buds and leaves are less hurt， the output is relatively high， and the tea quality isimproved. The one-time investment of tunnel coverage is less than the greenhouse coverage. However， in practice，it costs more labors and results in medium quality.

Keywords： tea grinding garden， direct covering， tunnel covering， greenhouse covering

抹茶兴起于我国唐代，盛于宋代，并形成了独特的文化。唐宋时期，抹茶由僧人传入日本，至今仍是日本民众饮茶的主要種类。

抹茶的原料是碾茶。贵州碾茶是选用贵州境内适制碾茶的茶树品种，采用覆盖栽培的茶树鲜叶，经蒸汽杀青、未经揉捻、辐射热方式烘烤干燥等工艺加工而成的片状半成品茶[1]。

为了形成碾茶澄澈的绿色和独特的“覆盖香”，改善抹茶的色泽、香气和滋味，需要在一芽一二叶时对茶树进行遮阴覆盖，覆盖时间为15～20 d。通过覆盖这种独特的栽培管理方式，可减少茶园的直射光，增加散射光，显著降低茶树冠层温度，增加空气湿度，且遮光度越高其降温增湿效果越明显[2]。遮阴能显著影响茶叶的内含成分，提升抹茶感官品质。光照减弱能提高叶片叶绿素含量，进而增加茶叶鲜味、减轻苦涩味[3]。经过遮光覆盖，茶叶中茶氨酸含量增多，并且会增加二甲硫的含量，使得碾茶香更浓郁[4]。……