魏舒敏　张济建　刘宏笪

摘要：基于拓展的生产函数模型，采用39家上市新能源企业2011—2019年的投入产出微观数据，测算资本、劳动、技术和知识4种要素在新能源企业中的市场配置现状，结果显示：我国新能源企业4种要素的投入均存在价格扭曲，其中技术要素价格扭曲最为严重，劳动力要素配置效果最佳;并且除劳动力要素外，其余要素价格扭曲度呈逐年波动上升趋势。结合半对数模型对各种要素市场配置扭曲的影响因素进行探究，发现企业规模和企业资本劳动比对要素价格扭曲具有改善作用;企业年龄的增大会加剧资本要素市场扭曲，但会抑制技术要素扭曲;企业的债务融资能力会使4种要素市场扭曲态势恶化，其中对技术要素的扭曲促进作用最强。为新能源企业优化资源配置和促进企业转型升级具有启示意义。

关键词：新能源企业;要素市场配置;生产函数模型;半对数模型;知识要素;技术要素

中图分类号：F 424文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-7312（2021）03-0313-08

Measurement and Influencing Factors of Element Market

Allocation Level of New Energy Enterprises

——Based on the Multifactor Micro Enterprise PerspectiveWEI Shumin1，ZHANG Jijian2，LIU Hongda3

（1.School of Management，Jiangsu University，Zhenjiang 212013，China;

2.School of Finance and Economics，Jiangsu University，Zhenjiang 212013，China;

3.School of Management，Shanghai University，Shanghai 200444，China）Abstract：Based on the expanded production function model，using the inputoutput microdata of 39 listed new energy companies from 2011 to 2019，and the current market configuration of the four elements of capital，labor，technology and intellectual in New Energy Enterprises are measured.The results show：there are price distortions in the input of the four elements of Chinese New Energy Enterprises.Among them，the price distortion of technical element is the most serious，and the effect of labor element allocation is the best.And except for the labor element，the price distortions of other elements show a fluctuating upward trend.Further，combined with the semilogarithmic model，the influence factors of element distortion was explored.It is found that the size of the enterprise and the ratio of capital to labor can improve the distortion of element prices;that the increase of the age of the enterprise will aggravate the distortion of the capital element，but will restrain the distortion of the technical element;that the debt financing ability of the enterprise will worsen the distortion of the four elements.Among them，the distortion and promotion of technical element is the strongest.The research conclusions have enlightening significance for new energy enterprises to optimize resource allocation and promote enterprise transformation and upgrading.

Key words：New Energy Enterprise;element market allocation;production function model;semilogarithmic model;intellectual element;technical element

0引言

改革開放以来，我国经济发展长期依赖于粗放型增长模式，由此引起的各类要素无序投放和高消耗问题，严重制约经济的高质量发展＼[1＼]。我国经济发展若实现质量和效率变革，关键在于盘活各类要素资源、释放要素市场化结构红利。2020年3月，中共中央、国务院颁布了《关于构建更加完善的要素市场化配置体制机制的意见》，作为中央第一份关于要素市场化配置的公文，该意见的出台彰显了构建完善的要素市场化配置体制的重要性，并为促进我国经济向高效的资源市场化配置的新模式转变提供指导意见。……