赵璐　张蕾

摘要：为找到一种高效、环保、具备工业化潜力的无患子皂苷提取新方法，先采用加热回流法提取无患子中的皂苷，通过单因素试验研究了提取溶剂类型、溶剂体积分数、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等因素对皂苷得率的影响。在此基础上，采用超声辅助提取，选取提取温度、提取时间、料液比3个关键因素进行正交试验，确定出最具工业化潜力的无患子皂苷提取参数为：乙醇体积分数为60%、料液比1∶7、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间1 h，在此条件下无患子皂苷的得率为21.56%，比加热回流法高44.02%，且提取时间更短、提取温度更低。研究表明，超声辅助加热回流法是一种具有工业化潜力的无患子皂苷提取新工艺。

关键词：无患子皂苷;加热回流法;超声辅助提取;得率;正交试验

中图分类号：S 789文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-7312（2021）03-0275-06

Study on the New Technology of Ultrasonicassisted

Reflux Extraction of Sapindus SaponinsZHAO Lu1，2，ZHANG Lei1

（1.School of Geological and Environmental，Xi’an University of Science and Technology，Xi’an 710054，China;

2.Office of International Exchange and Cooperation，Xi’an University of Science and Technology，Xi’an 710054，China）Abstract：In order to find a new efficient，environmentalfriendly extraction technology with industrialization potential for Sapindus saponins，reflux method was firstly explored.The effect of solvent type，solvent volume fraction，extraction temperature，extraction time and solidliquid ratio on Sapindus saponins yield was studied by single factor experiment.On this basis，orthogonal experiment of three selected key factors of extraction temperature，extraction time and solidliquid ratio was conducted to determine the optimal condition for Sapindus saponins extraction by ultrasonicassisted reflux extraction method.The yield of Sapindus saponins was 21.56% under the optimal condition of ethanol volume fraction of 60%，solidliquid ratio of 1∶7，extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and extraction time of 1 h，which was 44.02% higher than that of reflux extraction method.，and the extraction time was shorter and the extraction temperature was lower.Ultrasonicassisted reflux extraction is a new technology for Sapindus saponin extraction with industrial potential.

Key words：sapindus saponins;reflux method;ultrasonicassisted extraction;yield;orthogonal experiment

0引言

近年来，以无患子皂苷为代表的天然表面活性剂因表面活性好、可完全降解、毒性低、生物相容性好、来源广泛、可适应某些极端条件等优点＼[1-2＼]，被国内外大量学者认为具有替代化学表面活性剂的潜力＼[3＼]。无患子树（sapindus mukurossi geartn）是一种广泛分布于我国长江流域以南各地的植物，果皮中通常含有大量皂苷，皂苷质量分数可达7～27 wt%＼[4＼]。皂苷主要以苷元作为疏水基团通过醚键或脂键连接在亲水糖链上，这样的双亲结构为皂苷提供了较高的表面活性，使皂苷成为一种天然的非离子表面活性剂＼[5＼]，被广泛应用于日化、制药、环境修复等多个领域，并取得了较好的效果＼[6-7＼]。

第3期赵璐等：超声辅助加热回流法提取无患子皂苷新工艺的研究找到一种高效、经济的提取方法是无患子皂苷大规模工业化应用的关键技术和前提。……