*通讯作者：郭贝贝，1981年12月，男，汉族，河南焦作人，现任西安美术学院建筑环境艺术系副教授，硕士。研究方向：传统建筑环境保护与景观设计。

基金项目：本文为2018年度陕西省教育厅科研计划项目《延安宝塔山窑洞景观保护策略研究》研究成果（项目编号：18JK0588）。

摘 要：宝塔山是红色圣地延安的标志，它见证了中国革命胜利的历程，在人民心中有着重要的地位。宝塔山的生态环境由于近年来受到了当地居民无节制的破坏，从而急待于对山体窑洞景观进行保护修复。经过初步修复后的环境得到大幅度提升，但距离红色旅游基地的高标准与生态化要求还有一定距离。本文的研究以延安地区留存的窑洞民居为基点，运用统计法、测绘法针对延安市宝塔山窑洞民居及景观风貌所存在的现实问题进行分析，探索出一套能够提升宝塔山整体形象的具体措施， 恢复宝塔山应有的历史面貌，美化山体窑洞景观，让宝塔山景区提升为一个形象鲜明、功能健全的历史文化与红色文化景区，为延安城市风貌的提升发挥出自身独特的文化价值和美学价值。文章的思想创新点在于一是可以对陕北地区山体窑洞聚落和景观风貌的开发和再利用方法做出补充;二是将宝塔山窑洞景观作为承载延安地区红色文化与民俗文化的生态窑洞博物馆，提供理论思考。

关键词：延安宝塔山;景观风貌;保护提升;窑洞博物馆

Abstract： Baota Mountain is the symbol of Yan’an， the red holy land. It has witnessed the victory of the Chinese revolution and plays an important role in the hearts of the people. The ecological environment of Baota Mountain has been damaged by local residents in recent years， so it is urgent to protect and repair the cave landscape. After preliminary restoration， the environment has been greatly improved， but there is still a certain distance from the high standards and ecological requirements of the red tourism base. Based on the cave dwellings retained in Yan’an area， this paper analyzes the practical problems existing in the cave dwellings and landscape style of Baota Mountain in Yan’an City by using the methods of statistics and surveying and mapping， and explores a set of specific measures that can improve the overall image of Baota Mountain， restore the due historical appearance of Baota Mountain and beautify the cave landscape， let Baota Mountain scenic spot be upgraded into a historical and cultural and red cultural scenic spot with distinct image and sound functions， and give play to its own unique cultural and aesthetic value for the improvement of the urban style of Yan’an. The ideological innovation of this paper is that first， it can supplement the development and reuse methods of mountain cave settlements and landscape features in Northern Shaanxi. The second is to take the cave landscape of Baota Mountain as an ecological cave Museum carrying the red culture and folk culture in Yan’an， so as to provide theoretical thinking.

Keywords： Baota Mountain in Yan’an; Landscape; Protection and improvement; Cave museum

一、前言

延安是一座神圣且令人敬仰的城市，中国共产党能够克服困境走向蓬勃发展的今天，都得益于这片黄土高原生生不息的滋養，他更是黄土文明的摇篮，它孕育了多姿多彩的地域文化，映射着祖祖辈辈黄土人民的独特感情。……