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?蔡幼学《育德堂外制》考论

2021-09-10秦华侨

新世纪图书馆 2021年8期

秦华侨

摘 要 蔡幼学所撰《育德堂外制》,是一本外制汇编。蔡幼学曾经担任中书舍人等职,为皇帝代写制词。在他去世后,这些制词被他的家人集结成书,于嘉定年间在福建版刻。《育德堂外制》现存有三个版本,即台北藏宋刻本、南京图书馆藏影宋钞本、黄群铅印本。三个版本之间有着较为复杂的关系。

关键词 《育德堂外制》  蔡幼学 毛扆

Abstract Imperial Edict of Yudetang written by Cai Youxue is a collection of imperial edicts. Cai Youxue once served as the emperors secretary, responsible for writing imperial edicts for the emperor. When he went, the edicts were assembled by his family. The book was block printed in Fujian during the Jiading period of the Southern Song Dynasty.There are only three versions of Imperial Edict of Yudetang, namely the Song Dynasty block printed edition collected in Taipei, the other is the shadow song copy of the Republic of China collected by Nanjing Library, and the printed copy presided over by Huang Qun. There is a complicated relationship among the three versions.

Keywords Imperial edict of  Yudetang. Cai Youxue. Mao Yi.

蔡幼學,字行之,温州瑞安人,为南宋时期著名大臣。生于宋高宗绍兴二十四年(1154年),卒于宋宁宗嘉定十年(1217年),年六十四,謚“文懿”。蔡幼学著述甚多,据《玉海》及《文献通考》记载,其著作有《续公卿百官表》 《年历》 《编年政要》 《列传举要》[1]626《皇朝宰辅拜罢录》等[2],但这些著作今已不存。其著作流传于世的,只有《育德堂外制》《育德堂奏议》以及少量诗文。据宋人徐光溥撰《自号录》载,“育德堂”为蔡幼学自号[3]。

宋代朝廷诏令诰词等分别由翰林学士、中书舍人撰制,对应称作内制、外制。翰林学士官阶较高,若起草内制的官员官阶稍低,即称直学士院。蔡幼学于宋宁宗时期,先后担任中书舍人和直学士院等职,承担外制、内制的撰写。因中书舍人职“掌王言,凡诰词之类。”[4]44故楼钥《攻媿集》卷四一《中书舍人蔡幼学兼侍读制》有“近升禁路之华,庸代王言之重”之语[5]。宋代士大夫有将自己撰写的内外制收入自己文集的习惯做法[6],而《育德堂外制》就是蔡幼学担任中书舍人时期所起草的外制汇编。

1 《育德堂外制》版本著录及现存状况

关于蔡幼学著作的著录,在蔡幼学去世后不久就出现了。……

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