张皓珏 张广钦

摘   要：完善绩效评价是公共文化服务提高服务质量、提升服务效能的重要抓手和根本保障。政府公共文化服务绩效评价不仅对于建立健全政府的竞争机制具有重要作用，也是实现公民文化权利均等化和满足公民文化需求多样化的政府责任的体现。文章选取了英国、美国、日本、澳大利亚、瑞典的政府公共文化服务绩效评价管理制度为研究对象，对其法制建设、评价范式、评价方法等进行分析。研究发现：立法、核心理念、执行机构、评价侧重、评价关注点、理论基础等是绩效评价管理制度的核心要素;立法先行、理论指导以及在改革中不断完善是绩效评价发展的普遍规律;评价导向、评价侧重点、推行方式等则根据各国情况而所不同。结合我国国情，文章提出要加强公共文化服务绩效评价的法制化建设，政府角色向“主客同体”转变，评价主体向“公众本位”转变，为制度构建寻找理论支撑等。

关键词：公共文化服务;绩效评价管理;对比研究

Abstract Improving performance evaluation is an important breakthrough and fundamental guarantee to increase the quality and efficiency of public cultural services. The performance evaluation of a countrys public cultural service not only plays an important role in establishing the governments perfect competition mechanism but also demonstrates the realisation of governmental responsibilities to equalise cultural rights and to meet the diverse cultural needs of its citizens. This paper explores the public service performance management systems adopted by the governments of Britain， the United States， Japan， Australia and Sweden， and analyses their legal system construction， evaluation paradigms and evaluation methods， among others. This study deduced that the core elements of performance management systems include legislation， core concept， executive organisation， evaluation emphasis， evaluation focus and theoretical basis. The general development laws of performance evaluation cover legislation， theoretical guidance and continuous improvement in reforms. Evaluation orientation， evaluation emphasis and implementation mode vary from country to country. By combining the analysis with a study of the national conditions of China， this paper is able to make recommendations， such as strengthening the legalisation construction of performance evaluation， changing the role of government into ‘integration of subject and object， converting the subject of evaluation to ‘public orientation and scouting for theoretical support for system construction.

Key words  public cultural service; performance management; comparison study

1   引言

在公共部門，绩效评价是各国各领域广泛开展的一项行政改革。公共部门通过引入绩效测量和评价机制，提高公共部门效率，提升公共服务质量。随着公共文化服务体系建设不断深入推进，我国政府在公共文化服务方面的投入持续增强;2015年1月出台的《关于加快构建现代公共文化服务体系的意见》更是明确指出，要以效能为导向，制定政府公共文化服务考核指标，纳入科学发展考核体系。……