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基于撤稿论文的生命科学数据管理问题与对策研究

2021-09-08管茜董克夏义堃

图书与情报 2021年3期

管茜 董克 夏义堃

摘   要:数据管理直接影响科研数据和科研结果的可发现、可获取、互操作和可重用性,是规范学术行为的重要前提。论文撤稿是保证论文科学性,建立学术信任的重要手段,近年来生命科学领域频发撤稿事件反映了包括数据管理在内的多种学术不端行为。在分析生命科学领域撤稿论文基本特征基础上,对撤稿原因进行归类,对与数据、图像有关的撤稿论文进一步分析,发现其在时间、时滞、国家、学科、期刊等方面的相对发展趋势。数据、图像问题是生命科学论文撤稿的主要原因之一,并呈现波动上升趋势,数据、图像问题发生频率与学科、期刊等级有关。应当从能力提升、制度完善、主体责任机制、过程监督、约束激励手段等方面来加强科研数据管理。

关键词:数据管理;撤稿;生命科学数据

Abstract Data management has a direct impact on the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable of scientific research data and results, and is an important prerequisite for standardizing academic behavior. The retraction of papers is an important means to ensure the scientificity of papers and build academic trust. In recent years, the frequent retraction of papers in the field of life science reflects a variety of academic misconduct, including data management.  Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of retractions in the field of life science, this paper classifies the reasons for retractions, further analyzes the retractions related to data and images, and finds out their relative development trends in terms of period, time lag, country, discipline, journal and so on. Data and image problems are one of the main reasons for retractions of life science papers, and the frequency of data and image problems is related to discipline and journal level. The management of scientific research data should be strengthened from the aspects of ability promotion, system perfection, subject responsibility mechanism, process supervision, restraint and incentive means, etc.

Key words data management; retracted papers; life scientific data

撤稿是学术界自我净化、自我完善的机制[1],也是维护学术诚信、保障期刊质量的基本制度保障。“更好地理解撤稿的潜在原因有助于改变当前的学术文化,并为阻止公众对学术失去信任而提供信息、寻找改进的方向”[2]。近年来,因数据误用、图像重复以及数据伪造等数据管理问题引发的生命科学论文撤稿成上升趋势,如2018年10月,哈佛医学院Anversa教授的多篇论文被举报存在数据、图像伪造等问题,进而导致其发表在《NEJM》《Nature》《Cell》《Lancet》等顶级学术期刊的31篇研究论文被全部撤稿[3]。从撤稿现象背后的数据管理问题进行深度探索,有助于从根源上找出症结与解决方法。……

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