江世英 王春波

中图分类号 F272;R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）16-1932-06

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.16.03

摘 要 目的：为提高我国药品供应链绩效、促进药品行业可持续发展提供参考。方法：收集文献，结合药品供应链的特征，采用Likert 5量表形式设计问卷，经10名专家进行问卷试测并修改后，形成初拟的指标体系;编制正式问卷，采用德尔菲法向37名专家进行咨询，进一步采用层次分析法确定指标权重，并运用统计分析法进行指标可靠性检验;最后以某制药企业为例，进行指标体系的实测。结果：第1轮专家咨询的积极系数为100%，第二輪为94.59%;专家的权威程度均值为0.832 6;专家协调系数第1轮为0.218 2，第2轮为0.396 5。最终形成的药品行业绿色供应链绩效指标体系包括药品绿色度、绿色营销、运营过程、药品质量、药品安全和药品经济等6个一级指标和26个二级指标。一级指标和所有二级指标的一致性比率均小于0.1，指标体系的总体Cronbachs α系数为0.892 1。某制药企业的实测结果表明，该制药企业得分最高的是“药品质量”指标，绝对评分为3.962 7;得分最低的是“药品绿色度”指标，绝对评分为2.297 9;绿色供应链绩效评价分数为3.167 7，处于中等水平。结论：所建指标体系效度较好，有望为我国药品行业绿色供应链绩效评价提供借鉴。

关键词 绩效指标体系;绿色供应链;药品行业;层次分析法;德尔菲法

Study on Performance Indicator System of Green Supply Chain in Pharmaceutical Industry

JIANG Shiying1，2，WANG Chunbo3（1. School of Public Health， Hubei University of Medicine， Hubei Shiyan 442000， China; 2. Center of Health Administration and Development Studies， Hubei University of Medicine， Hubei Shiyan 442000， China; 3. Outpatient Department， the Fourth Retired Cadre Rehabilitation Center of Wuhan， Hubei Military Command， Wuhan 430024， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the performance of drug supply chain and sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry in China. METHODS： By collecting literatures and combining with the characteristics of drug supply chain， the questionnaire was designed with Likert 5 scale. After the questionnaire was tested and modified by 10 experts， a preliminary index system framework was formed. The formal questionnaire was prepared by the questionnaire test method; 37 experts were consulted by Delphi method， the index weight was determined by AHP method， and the index reliability was tested by statistical analysis method; finally， a pharmaceutical enterprise was taken as an example to measure the index system. RESULTS： The positive coefficient of the first round of expert consultation was 100%， and that of the second round was 94.59%; average degree of authority of experts was 0.832 6; expert coordination coefficient of the first round was 0.218 2， and that of the second round was 0.396 5. The green supply chain performance indicator system of the pharmaceutical industry included 6 first-level indicators and 26 second-level indicators， such as drug greenness， green marketing， operation process， drug quality， drug safety and drug economy. The consistency ratio of the first-level indexes and all second-level indexes were all less than 0.1， the overall Cronbachs α coefficient of the index system was 0.892 1. The measured results of a pharmaceutical enterprise showed that the highest score of the pharmaceutical enterprise was the “drug quality” index， with an absolute score of 3.962 7; the lowest score was the “drug greenness” index， with an absolute score of 2.297 9. The green supply chain performance evaluation score was 3.167 8， which was at a medium level. CONCLUSIONS： The established index system has good reliability and validity， and is expected to provide reference for the performance evaluation of green supply chain in Chinas pharmaceutical industry.

KEYWORDS   Performance index system; Green supply chain; Pharmaceutical industry; AHP method; Delphi method

生态环境保护日益受到社会的重视，建立绿色供应链日渐成为生产企业扩大市场的关键，也逐渐成为企业提升核心市场竞争力的重要源泉[1-2]。绿色供应链是以环境保护为目的，由原材料供应企业、制造企业和销售企业组成的链状结构。……