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宋代冕服“十二章纹”探析

2021-09-06罗富诚谢红

丝绸 2021年8期

罗富诚 谢红

摘要: “十二章纹”是古代冕服的典型装饰纹样,象征着特殊的社会等级和文化意涵。由于朝代的更迭,不同朝代的冕服“十二章纹”虽具有同一性,却也不尽相同。文章运用“多重证据法”和“以图证史”等方法,基于对文献典籍和出土文物的研究分析,推断并绘制出宋代“十二章纹”的形象、数量及其在冕服上的分布情况。研究表明,明确宋代“十二章纹”的形象与排列有助于了解宋代的冕服文化,有利于把握古代冕服及其纹样的变化历程和历史脉络。

关键词: 服装史;宋代;冕服十二章纹;装饰纹样;纹样排列

中图分类号: TS941.12;K892.23

文献标志码: B

文章编号: 10017003(2021)08007307

引用页码: 081201

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.08.013(篇序)

Research on the "twelve ornaments" of coronation costume in Song dynasty

LUO Fucheng, XIE Hong

(School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China)

Abstract: As a typical pattern in ancient coronation costumes, "twelve ornaments" symbolizes special social grading with deep cultural connotation. With the change of dynasties, despite twelve ornaments in different dynasties share some similarities, they are not completely identical. Through the study and analysis of ancient literature documents and unearthed relics, by means of "multiple evidence method" and "prove the history based on pictures", this paper drew the images and quantities of the "twelve ornaments", inferred their distribution on the coronation costume in Song dynasty. The study shows that clarifying the image and arrangement of "twelve ornaments" in Song dynasty is conductive to a better understanding of Song coronation costume culture and a better mastery of the transformation process and historical context of ancient coronation costume and relevant patterns.

Key words: history of costume; Song dynasty; twelve ornaments of coronation costume; decorative patterns; arrangement of patterns

收稿日期: 20201223;

修回日期: 20210707

基金项目: 上海市艺术学科规划重大项目(ZD2017G01)

作者简介: 罗富诚(1996),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为古代服饰与服装数字化。通信作者:谢红,教授,Xiehong39@sues.edu.cn。

“十二章纹”滥觞于原始时期的图腾文化。戴圣《礼记·明堂位》载:“有虞氏服韍,夏后氏山,周龙章。”在当时,不同部落选取不同的纹样作为身份的象征。西周时期,十二种纹样汇集,形成纹样的组合,即“十二章纹”。《尚书·益稷篇》记载了章纹与服饰的结合:“予欲观古人之象,日、月、星辰,作会。宗彝、藻、火、粉米、黼、黻,絺绣,以五采彰施于五色,作服。”而到东汉,范晔《后汉书》载:“天子、三公、九卿……祀天地明堂,皆冠旒冕,衣裳玄上纁下。乘舆备文,日月星辰十二章,三公、诸侯用山龙九章,九卿以下用华虫七章,皆备五采。”“十二章纹”与服饰结合的章服制度被确定下来,为后世所沿用。

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