刘苗苗，蒋艳

摘  要：随着经济全球化的发展和港口吞吐量的提高，世界海运网络越来越复杂，港口地位的研究也变得愈发重要。本文以港口为节点，以港口间航次连接作为边、航次数量作为权重构建海运复杂网络，并对其特性进行分析;分别计算网络的度中心性、中间中心性、接近中心性，并对三种中心性使用熵权-折中妥协法（EW-VIKOR）多属性决策分析得到折中值，通过折中值对港口中心地位进行排序。根据排序结果可知，排名前四的深圳港、新加坡港、香港港和上海港的折中值差距很小，竞争非常激烈，且都位于海运复杂网络的重要位置，海运复杂网络稳定性依赖于这些港口的穩定发展。本文的创新点在于将加权的复杂网络与EW-VIKOR多属性决策相结合，并将其运用在港口研究中，为港口的经济发展提供更多的参考。

关键词：复杂网络;港口中心性;EW-VIKOR;港口地位;排序

中图分类号：TP183     文献标识码：A

Research on Shipping Ports Status based on Complex Network Characteristics

LIU Miaomiao， JIANG Yan

（Business School， University of Shanghai for Science and Technology， Shanghai 200093， China）

cchloeliu@163.com; ppjyan@163.com

Abstract： With the development of economic globalization and the increase of port throughput， the world's shipping network is becoming more and more complex， and the study of port status has also become important. This paper proposes to use ports as nodes， voyage connections between ports as edges， and voyage quantity as weights to construct a complex shipping network. The characteristics are analyzed， and the degree centrality， the intermediate centrality， and the proximity centrality of the network are calculated separately. The compromise values are obtained by Entropy Weighting-VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje （EW-VIKOR） method in multi-attribute decision analysis of three kinds of centrality. Port center status is sorted based on the compromise value. According to the ranking results， top four ports of Shenzhen， Singapore， Hong Kong and Shanghai have very small compromises， and the competition is very fierce. They are all located in important positions in the complex shipping network whose stability depends on the stable development of these ports. The innovation of this paper is to combine the weighted complex network with EW-VIKOR multi-attribute decision-making， and apply it in port research to provide more references for port economic development.

Keywords： complex network; port centrality; EW-VIKOR; port status; ranking

1   引言（Introduction）

目前，对于海运复杂网络的相关研究，关晓光等[1]构造了以航次作为权重的加权网络，对点强度、加权介数和加权接近度进行测量并分析。刘婵娟等[2]构造了“21世纪海上丝绸之路”海运复杂网络，并对拓扑结构复杂性和三种中心性进行分析。陈芙英等[3]使用TOPSIS法对“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线港口的地位进行综合评价。伍静等[4]结合伯德计数法提出了一种考虑三种中心性的综合中心性评价方法。JIANG等[5]提出了基于BA规模网络性能理论，提出海上丝绸之路网络节点容量的最优策略。……