宋立民 张韦 刘肖莲 徐晓丽 姜巨峰 焦万明 阚峥 杨文颖 吴会民

摘要：為了改良天津地区养殖黄颡鱼种质，提高经济和生态效益，本研究于2019年引进杂交黄颡鱼新品种‘黄优1号，采用性状比较的方法，系统研究了试验鱼的生长、抗病和产氮、磷情况。结果表明：杂交黄颡鱼幼鱼生长速度、增重率显著高于普通黄颡鱼（P<0.05），饵料系数低于普通黄颡鱼，但差异不明显（P>0.05）;杂交黄颡鱼的主要死亡病因为体表溃烂和烂鳃，体表溃烂发病情况与普通黄颡鱼无明显差别（P>0.05），烂鳃发病情况明显重于普通黄颡鱼（P<0.05），而其他疾病发病情况明显小于普通黄颡鱼（P<0.05），试验总成活率显著高于普通黄颡鱼;实验鱼体重增加1kg，杂交黄颡鱼实验组尾水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐、总磷的增量均显著低于普通黄颡鱼（P<0.05），总氮的增量虽然也小于普通黄颡鱼实验组，但比较结果差异不显著（P>0.05）。因此，本研究认为杂交黄颡鱼‘黄优1号的生长、抗病和单位增重产氮、磷量等性能较普通黄颡鱼优良，适合在天津地区推广养殖。

关键词：杂交黄颡鱼;性状比较;生长;抗病;产氮;产磷

中图分类号：S965文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0235

Experimental Rearing Effects of a New Breed of Hybrid Yellow Catfish：An Evaluation SONG Limin，ZHANG Wei，LIU Xiaolian，XU Xiaoli，JIANG Jufeng，JIAO Wanming，KAN Zheng，YANG Wenying，WU Huimin

（Tianjin Fishery Research Institute，Tianjin 300221，China）

Abstract：To improve the germplasm of yellow catfish （Pelteobagrusfulvidraco）under cultivation in Tianjin and increase the economic and ecological benefit of the cultivation，a new breed of hybrid yellow catfish ‘Huangyou 1was introduced to Tianjin in 2019 by the research group. The growth，disease resistance and production of nitrogen and phosphorus were studied systematically by comparing characters. The results showed that the growth rate and weight gain rate （WGR）of hybrid yellow catfish were significantly higher than those of common yellow catfish （P<0.05），and the feed conversion ratio （FCR）was lower than that of common yellow catfish，but the difference was not significant （P>0.05）;the main death diseases of hybrid yellow catfish were body surface ulceration and gill rot. There was no significant difference in the incidence of body surface ulceration between hybrid yellow catfish and common yellow catfish （P>0.05）. The incidence of gill rot in hybrid yellow catfish was significantly higher than that of common yellow catfish （P<0.05），while the incidence of other diseases was significantly less than that of common yellow catfish （P<0.05）. The total survival rate of hybrid yellow catfish was significantly higher than that of common yellow catfish （P<0.05）. The increment ofammonia nitrogen，nitrite and total phosphorus in the tail water by gaining 1 kg body weight of hybrid yellow catfish was significantly lower than that of common yellow catfish （P<0.05）. Although the increment of total nitrogen in the tail water by gaining 1 kg body weight of hybrid yellow catfish was also less than that of common yellow catfish，the difference was not significant （P>0.05）. Therefore，the characters of growth，disease resistance，nitrogen and phosphorus production per unit weight gain of hybrid yellow catfish ‘Huangyou 1are better than those of common yellow catfish，and hybrid yellow catfish ‘Huangyou 1is suitable to be popularized and cultured in Tianjin.

Keywords：Hybrid Yellow Catfish;Comparing Characters;Growth;Disease Resistance;Nitrogen Production;Phosphorus Production

0引言

黄颡鱼隶属于鲇形目（Siluriformes）、鲿科（Bagridae）、黄颡鱼属（Pelteobagrus）。黄颡鱼属有5个种，分别为黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrusfulvidraco）、瓦氏黄颡鱼（P. vachelli）、长须黄颡鱼（P. eupogon）、中间黄颡鱼（P. intermedius）、光泽黄颡鱼（P. nitidus）[1]。其中黄颡鱼和瓦氏黄颡鱼经济价值较高，是当前适宜养殖的两个种类[2]。前人研究表明，黄颡鱼（P. fulvidraco）分布最广泛，养殖产量也最高，具有耐低氧、怀卵量高的特点，但同时其也存在生长速度慢、雌雄鱼生长差异大等缺点，影响养殖效益[3-4]。瓦氏黄颡鱼主要分布于大型河流及其支流和大型通江湖泊中，是黄颡鱼属中体型最大的一种，最大体重可接近2 kg，但因其耐低氧能力较差，在国内池塘养殖较少[5-6]。为解决黄颡鱼常规养殖品种的局限性、进一步满足养殖者的需要，提高黄颡鱼养殖效益，国内科研人员先后进行了黄颡鱼种间杂交和全雄化实验[7-8]，目前已培育出‘全雄黄颡鱼和‘黄优1号两个黄颡鱼新品种[9]。