胡桂萍 黄金枝 王亚威 张诚 石旭平 王丰 张国彪 曹红妹

摘要：为进一步拓宽桑枝食用菌化的实用范围，以中低温香菇品种‘明60为栽培菌种，以常规杂木屑配方（木屑80%、麸皮18%、石膏1%、菌菇素0.5%）为对照，设置桑枝替代木屑不同比例（5%、15%、25%、35%、50%、75%、100%），探究桑枝替代量对香菇性状的影响。结果显示，香菇菌丝平均生长速率随着桑枝替代量增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势，菌丝满袋时间、袋鲜菇总产量、菌盖质量、菌盖厚度、菌盖直径、菌炳长度、单菇质量与桑枝替代量呈反比，但桑枝替代不影响香菇的外观性状和颜色。当桑枝替代比例为5%～50%时，香菇的生长性状、商品性状以及经济效益明显高于对照，当替代比例为15%效果最佳。关键词：桑枝屑;代料栽培;香菇;生物学性状

中图分类号：S609.9文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191200294

Mulberry Straw Substrates：Effects on Fruiting Traits of Lentinus edodes

HU Guiping1，2，3，HUANG Jinzhi1，2，3，WANG Yawei1，2，3，ZHANG Cheng4，SHI Xuping1，2，3，WANG Feng1，2，3，ZHANG Guobiao1，2，3，CAO Hongmei1，2，3

（1Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute，Nanchang 330202，Jiangxi，China;

2Economic Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Province，Nanchang 330202，Jiangxi，China;

3 Jiangxi Research Center of Silk and Mulberry Engineering and Technology，Nanchang 330202，Jiangxi，China;

4Institute of Agricultural Applied Microbiology，Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanchang 330200，Jiangxi，China）

Abstract：The effect of mulberry straw substrates on fruiting traits of Lentinus edodes was explored. ‘Ming60was taken as the L. edodes variety，and conventional sawdust formula was used as the control，including 80% sawdust，18% bran，1% gypsum and 0.5% mushroom element. Mulberry straw substituting sawdust with different proportions of 5%，15%，25%，35%，50%，75% and 100% were set in this experiment to broaden the practical scope of mulberry straw substrates for edible fungi cultivation. The results showed that the average mycelium growth rate presented a trend of increase first and then decrease along with the increase of substitution rate. Time from inoculation to end of mycelia，fresh mushroom production per bag，pileus weight，pileus thickness，pileus diameter，stipe length，and fruit body weight were inversely proportional to mulberry straw substitution rate，but the mushroom shape and color were not affected. And at the same time，when the proportion of mulberry straw substitution was 5%- 50% ，the growth traits，commodity characteristics and economic benefit of mushroom were significantly better than those of the control group，and the effect reached the best when the proportion of mulberry straw substitution was 15%.

Keywords：Mulberry Straw Substrates;Substitution Cultivation;Lentinus edodes;Biological Trait

0引言

桑树为多年生阔叶落叶性木本植物，其叶可以养蚕产茧缫丝，叶、果、茎和根既可食用又可药用，经济价值极高，栽培管理技术简单易学，已成为“十三五”期间国家精准扶贫的重要产业[1]。但桑树每年需进行2～3 次修剪管理以满足树体生理生长需求，随着桑园面积不断扩大，桑树修剪枝条越来越多，据统计每公顷桑园年产生修剪枝达1.2 t以上，如随意堆放和焚烧则造成资源严重浪费和环境污染。如何安全高效资源化利用桑树修剪枝已成為研究热点[2]。桑树修剪枝营养丰富，桑枝韧皮部约占27%、木质部约占72%、髓心部约占1%，纤维化和木质化程度高，碳氮比约为66，适合各种木腐型食用菌的生长，是食用菌栽培基质的潜在优选原料[3]。……