盐胁迫对南瓜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响
2021-09-06时丕彪蒋润枝沈明晨顾闽峰王春云李亚芳顾小兵
时丕彪 蒋润枝 沈明晨 顾闽峰 王春云 李亚芳 顾小兵



摘要:为研究南瓜对盐分胁迫的耐受性,采用水培法探讨不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150、200、250mmol/L)对南瓜幼苗各生长指标及光合特性参数的影响。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,南瓜幼苗的植株高度、鲜重和干重均呈逐渐下降的趋势,叶绿素含量、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,相对离子渗透率(RIP)呈先降低后升高的趋势。0~100mmol/LNaCl对南瓜幼苗生长无显著影响,而高于100mmol/L时,对其存活和光合作用有显著影响。南瓜具有较强的耐盐性。关键词:盐胁迫;南瓜;幼苗期;生长指标;光合作用;光合特性
中图分类号:S642.1文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas2020-0193
Effects of Salt Stress on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Squash Seedlings
SHI Pibiao,JIANG Runzhi,SHEN Mingchen,GU Minfeng,WANG Chunyun,LI Yafang,GU Xiaobing
(Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City,Yancheng 224049,Jiangsu,China)
Abstract:To study the tolerance of squash to salt stress,hydroponics was adopted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl (0,50,100,150,200 and 250 mmol/L)on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of squash seedlings. The results indicated that with the increase of NaCl concentration,the plant height,fresh weight and dry weight of squash seedlings gradually declined. The chlorophyll content,stomatal conductance (Gs),net photosynthetic rate (Pn)and transpiration rate (Tr)first increased and then decreased with the NaCl concentration increase. With the increase of NaCl concentration,the relative ionic permeability (RIP)showed a trend of first decrease and then increase. There was no significant effect on the growth of squash seedlings when NaCl concentration ranged from 0 to 100 mmol/L,but when NaCl concentration was higher than 100 mmol/L,the survival rate and photosynthesis were significantly affected. The study demonstrates that squash has strong salt tolerance.
Keywords:Salt Stress;Squash;Seedling Stage;Growth Index;Photosynthesis;Photosynthetic Characteristics
0引言
土壤鹽碱化是限制现代农业发展的主要非生物因素之一,严重影响种子萌发、植物生长发育和作物产量[1]。据估计,全球约有10亿hm2土地受到盐分的影响,占土地总面积的10%[2]。更为糟糕的是,全球气候变暖和人类对土地的不合理开发利用加速了土壤盐碱化,这将导致2050年耕地面积减少一半叫土壤盐碱化面积的扩大和世界人口的增长给农业发展带来了巨大的压力[4]。加快农作物耐盐新品种选育是提高盐碱化土地利用效率的一条有效途径,同时也是保证农业可持续发展的一个重要保障。
南瓜是葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)南瓜属(Cucurbita)一年生蔓生草本植物,原产于墨西哥地区,在世界各地普遍栽培,南瓜具有较高的营养价值和药用价值[6],也是一种高产农作物,给农民带来巨大的经济效益。此外,南瓜根系发达、抗逆性强,还可用作葫芦科其他作物如西瓜、黄瓜、甜瓜等的嫁接砧木,以提高对土传病害和非生物胁迫的耐受性[7-8]。……
