张莉 徐运飞 尹健 谷彩花 赵敏 李欢欢 王婧 任斌

摘要：探討不同种植方式对文冠果生长发育及土壤理化性质的影响，为科学栽培文冠果提供理论依据。以平作为对照，研究垄作种植对文冠果幼苗生长状况、土壤容重、土壤含水量、pH和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明：（1）与平作相比，垄作显著降低0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤容重和含水量，显著增加土壤总孔隙度和通气孔隙度。（2）垄作增加2个土层土壤养分含量，且20～40 cm土层增幅明显，其中土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较平作分别提高了117.05%、53.06%、28.31%和23.40%。（3）垄作种植显著增加根长，促进分枝和侧枝生长，提高叶面积，其地上生物量、根干重和冠根比显著高于平作121.20%、46.15%和51.19%。可见，垄作能改善土壤结构，增强土壤供肥能力，更利于文冠果幼苗生长，是较好的种植方式。

关键词：文冠果;种植方式;土壤结构;土壤养分;生长状况

中图分类号：S6-33文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191100274

Planting Patterns：Effects on Soil Quality and Growth Characteristics of Xanthocerassorbifolia

ZHANG Li1，2，XU Yunfei1，2，YIN Jian1，2，GU Caihua1，ZHAO Min1，LI Huanhuan1，WANG Jing3，REN Bin4

（1School of Agriculture，Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University，Xinyang 464000，Henan，China;

2Xinyang Farmland Pollution Control Engineering Technology Research Center，Xinyang 464000，Henan，China;

3Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Beijing 100081，China;

4Xinyang Shanfuyuan Ecological Agriculture and Forestry Corporation，Xinyang 464000，Henan，China）

Abstract：The paper aims to study the effects of planting patterns on the growth of Xanthocerassorbifolia and soil physical and chemical properties，and provide a basis for scientific planting of X. sorbifolia. A field experiment was conducted with two treatments of bed-planting practice （BP）and flatting planting practice （FP）. The morphological characters and biomass of the seedlings，soil bulk density （BD），soil water content （SWC），soil pH，contents of soil organic matter （SOM），available nutrients were measured. The results showed that：（1）BD and SWC in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer were significantly lower under BP than those under FP，and BP significantly increased soil total porosity and aeration porosity;（2）BP increased the contents of SOM and available nutrients，especially in 20-40 cm layer，compared with those of FP，the contents of SOM，available N，available P and available K within the 20-40 cm soil layer under BP significantly increased by 117.05%，53.06%，28.31% and 23.40%，respectively;（3）BP significantly increased root length，branch number，green leaves area;the aboveground biomass and root dry biomass and the shoot/root ratio was 121.20%、46.15% and 51.19% higher those of FP，respectively. Based on the study，bed-planting practice can improve soil structure and fertility and is more suitable for cultivating X. sorbifolia.

Keywords：Xanthocerassorbifolia;Planting Patterns;Soil Structure;Soil Nutrient Contents;Growth Characteristics

0引言

大别山区降雨强度大，水土流失严重。据统计，2017年该地区的水土流失总面积达9520 km²。退耕还林是治理坡耕地水土流失和保障土地资源可持续利用的重要手段[1]。但林木生产周期长、收益慢势必影响农民积极性。文冠果（Xanthocerassorbifolia）是落叶小乔木，种子含油量高、品质好，是目前公认的生态经济树种[2]。近年来国内学者在文冠果种植密度[3]、施肥技术[4]和防止落花落果[5]方面做了较多研究，但在规范化种植方面研究较少，尤其在精细栽培方面，如不同种植方式对土壤生态环境及文冠果生长发育的研究鲜有报道。……