突发危机事件应急管理的实验系统研究
2021-09-05李望来沈惠璋董静赵继娣
李望来 沈惠璋 董静 赵继娣



摘 要: 突发危机事件一直是人类社会面临的难题,例如新冠肺炎疫情、洪灾、火灾等。突发危机事件最终影响和涉及的范围是群体。突发危机事件时的群体行为往往是非理性、盲目的,会进一步扩大危机事件的负面影响。为了更好地提高应急管理能力,就必须控制好突發危机事件时的群体行为,由此一种基于Client/Server架构的虚拟实验系统被提出并实现。它可以创建虚拟突发危机情境,让许多被试同时沉浸其中,开展群体行为的虚拟实验。本系统既能用于探索突发危机事件时群体行为的规律,也可以在社会实践以前,用虚拟实验的方法检验应对措施的效果,根据效果改进应对措施。
关键词: 突发危机事件;应急管理;群体行为;虚拟实验系统
中图分类号: C 93
文献标志码: A
Experimental System Research on Emergency Management of Emergency
LI Wanglai SHEN Huizhang DONG Jing ZHAO Jidi
(1.Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;2.School of Public Administration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)
Abstract: Emergency, such as COVID-19, floods and fires, has always been a challenge for human society. The final impact and scope of the emergency is the crowd. The crowd behavior in an emergency is often irrational and blind, which will further expand the negative impact of emergency. In order to improve the ability of emergency management, it is necessary to control the crowd behavior in an emergency. Therefore, a virtual experimental system based on Client/Server architecture was proposed and implemented, which could create a virtual emergency and immerse many subjects at the same time to carry out a virtual experiment of crowd behavior. This system can not only be used to study the crowd behavior in an emergency, but also can be used to test the effect of the response measures, and improve them according to the effect, before social practice.
Key words: emergency; emergency management; crowd behavior; virtual experimental system
1 概述
突发危机事件,也被称为突发事件,是指突然发生,造成或者可能造成严重社会危害,需要采取应急处置措施予以应对的自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件和社会安全事件。突发危机事件近年来频频发生,对国家、社会、人民造成了巨大的损失。
突发危机事件最终影响和涉及的范围是群体。群体是指两个或两个以上的个体,个体之间存在相互影响、相互作用。处于个体状态时与处于社会群体时,人的行为是不同的。处于个体状态时,人独立决策,而在社会群体中的人会在决策时受到其他人决策的影响,也会影响其他人的决策,最终形成群体行为。……
