师玥 任小巧

【摘 要】 芳香类中药在疫病防治中应用广泛，未病时可通过烟熏避疫，或塞鼻、佩戴香囊、室内悬挂香袋以嗅吸防疫，或饮用芳香正气药扶正抗疫;病时可辨证应用芳香解表、化湿、温通、开窍诸法治疗疫病;从中药理论芳香类中药之芳香之正气可助脾胃，其性辛温香燥，故能升散走窜，达到宣清化浊与通调气机的效果，透邪外出而发挥对疫病的治疗作用;可能由于芳香类中药有广泛的抗菌、杀菌、消毒、抗病毒作用。这是中医防治疫病的重要方法，有一定的现实意义。

【关键词】 芳香类中药;疫病;防治

【中图分类号】R287 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）14-0066-05

Abstract：aromatic traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the prevention and treatment of plague. When the disease is not accured， it can be prevented by smoke or by plugging nose， wearing sachets and hanging sachets indoors.It can also be stopped by having aromatic medicine which benefits Qi. When the disease is diagnosed，methods such as relieving exterior syndromes， dehumidification， warming and resuscitation are used to treat plague; In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine， aromatic medicine can help spleen and stomach.Through the characteristics， it has the effort to release Qi， promote dampness and turbidness， penetrate pathogenic factors and play a therapeutic role on plague， which may be due to the extensive antibacterial， bactericidal， disinfecting and antiviral effects of aromatic Chinese medicine.This is an important method of prevention and treatment of plague in traditional Chinese medicine，which has certain practical significance.

Keywords：Aromatic Drugs;Plague;Prevention and Treatment

疫病是指具有传染或流行特征而且伤亡较严重的一类疾病[1]。多由于气候反常，寒热不定，岁时不和，机体腠理，表卫不固，感受时邪疫毒而发病，主要病因是正气不足，邪犯机体，即巢氏在《诸病源候论》的记载 “此病皆因岁时不和，温凉失节，人感乖戾之气而生病。则病气转相染易，乃至灭门，延及外人”。治疗常用透达膜原、分消内外、通里和表，扶助正气;可用芳香避秽、芳香化湿、芳香开窍及清热、解毒、通里、攻下、扶正祛邪等方法治疗。芳香类中药是指气味芳香的药物，大多为植物药，故又称“芳草”“香木”“薰草”，“药用部分气味芳香，或经燃烧、煎煮、研粉、加热能产生香气，及虽无特殊芳香气味，但习惯被当作香药使用”[2]，其在疫病的防治中一直受到历代医家重视。笔者对芳香类药物在疫病中的应用进行简要分析，并结合藿香及其方剂防治COVID-19肺炎的实例，以期为芳香类药物在疫病防治中的临床与研究提供参考。……