畅文杰 张飞云

摘要 增强脱贫农户的生计资本状况不仅是打赢脱贫攻坚战的现实需求，还是解决我国“三农”问题，实现乡村全面振兴的重要基础。从可持续生计视角出发，以山西省J乡为研究区，通过问卷调查法，对209户抽样脱贫农户的自然、人力、物质、金融、社会五大生计资本状况进行分析，发现其中存在的问题，并从实际情况出发，提出有利于改善脱贫农户生计资本的对策建议，以提高农户稳定脱贫的基础。结果表明，①J乡脱贫农户的人均耕地面积、家庭规模、基础设施建设、人均纯收入、社交关系等情况均较好，生计资本总体上处于较好的水平。②J乡抽样脱贫农户接受技能培训，参与经济组织及清洁能源使用的比例均较低，对生计资本产生了较大的影响。③改善J乡脱贫农户生计资本情况的对策建议包括：开展高质量的技能培训，提升脱贫农户职业素质;发展多样化的经济组织，提高脱贫农户参与率;改善能源使用结构，提高清洁能源使用率。

关键词 可持续生计;脱贫农户;生计资本;山西省J乡

中图分类号 S-9   文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）15-0255-03

Abstract Enhancing the livelihood capital status of poverty alleviation farmers is not only a practical need to win the battle against poverty， but also an important foundation for solving China “three rural issues” and realizing the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside. From the perspective of sustainable livelihoods， this paper uses J Township in Shanxi Province as the research area to analyze the five major livelihood capital conditions of 209 sampled povertystricken farmers， including natural， human， material， financial， and social， and find that there are proceeding from the actual situation， put forward countermeasures and suggestions that are conducive to improving the livelihood capital of farmers who are alleviated from poverty， so as to improve the basis of stable poverty alleviation of farmers. The research results show that： ① The per capita arable land area， family size， infrastructure construction， per capita net income， and social relations of the povertystricken farmers in J Township are all good， and the livelihood capital is generally at a good level; ② J Township The sample of poverty alleviation farmers received skill training， and their participation in economic organization and clean energy use was low， which had a greater impact on livelihood capital; ③ Countermeasures to improve the livelihood capital of poverty alleviated farmers in J Township include： develop highquality Skills training， improve the professional quality of poverty alleviation farmers; develop diversified economic organizations， increase the participation rate of poverty alleviation farmers; improve the energy use structure， and increase the use of clean energy.

Key words Sustainable livelihoods;Poverty alleviation farmers;Livelihood capital;J Township， Shanxi Province

作者簡介 畅文杰（1995—），男，山西晋城人，硕士研究生，研究方向：农村区域发展研究。*通信作者，副教授，博士，研究生导师，从事水土资源研究。

收稿日期 2020-11-12

贫困问题一直是国际社会普遍关注的重点问题之一，长期以来也一直存在于我国社会的发展进程中，对经济和社会的发展产生了一定的阻碍。我国政府一直重视贫困治理工作，随着脱贫攻坚战的大力实施，我国的扶贫开发工作取得显著成就，成为世界上首个完成联合国制定的贫困人口比例减半目标的国家[1]。……