李婧阳 刘鑫 王秋菊 姜宇 周鑫 米刚 刘凯 姜辉 常本超

摘要  为明确豆麦轮作条件下连续施肥和麦秆还田对土壤物理性质及大豆产量的影响，在黑龙江北部地区暗棕壤上开展不施肥、麦秆还田（麦秆逢麦季还田，还田量3 000 kg/hm2）、施肥、施肥与麦秆还田长期定位试验。试验自2002—2018年共实施麦秸还田8次，种植大豆9茬。结果表明，连续施肥还田区大豆平均产量最高，表现为施肥还田>施肥>还田>对照，还田与不还田比，在施肥条件下平均增产4.99%，增减产变化幅度为-22.8%～39.3%;在不施肥条件下平均增产19.65%，增产幅度在3.2%～33.5%，麦秸还田在低生产力（不施肥）下的增产效果好于高生产力（施肥）下的效果;施肥在麦秸还田条件下比不施肥平均增产23.63%，增产幅度在1.1%～60.5%;在不还田条件下平均增产40.88%，增产幅度在8.2%～87.7%;长期施肥和麦秸还田有增加土壤有效孔隙趋势，对于增强耕层土壤持水能力有一定效果。

关键词 豆麦轮作;麦秸长期还田;暗棕壤;产量;物理性质;孔隙组成;持水特性

中图分类号 S 152  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）15-0151-04

Abstract In order to understand the effects of continuous fertilization and wheat straw returning on soil physical properties and soybean yield under soybean wheat rotation， a longterm experiment was carried out on dark brown soil in northern Heilongjiang Province. From 2002 to 2018， wheat straw was returned to the field for 8 times and 9 soybean crops were planted.

The results showed that the average yield of soybean in the continuous fertilization returning area was the highest， followed by fertilization and straw returning > fertilization >straw returning >control，the average yield under the condition of fertilization increased by 4.99% and the range of yield change was - 22.8% - 39.3%.Under the condition of no fertilization， the average yield was increased by 19.65%， and the increase range was 3.2% - 33.5%. The stimulation effect of wheat straw returning under the condition of low productivity （no fertilization） was better than that under the condition of high productivity （fertilization）.Under the condition of wheat straw returning to the field， the average yield of fertilization was 23.63% higher than that of no fertilization， the range of production increase was 1.1%-60.5%.Under the condition of no straw returning to the field， the average yield of fertilization was 40.88% higher than that of no fertilization， the range of production increase was 8.2%-87.7%;longterm fertilization and wheatstraw returning could increase soil available porosity， which had a certain effect on enhancing soil holding capacity

Key words Soybeanwheat rotation;Longterm wheat straw returning;Dark brown soil;Yield;Physical properties;Pore composition;Water holding capacity

基金項目 省重大项目（GA19B101）。

作者简介 李婧阳（1988—），女，黑龙江绥化人，助理研究员，硕士，从事土壤改良研究。*通信作者，助理研究员，博士，从事土壤研究。

收稿日期 2020-12-11

黑龙江北部地区主要包括黑河和大兴安岭南麓区域，是我国最北端的农业区。由于该区域气候冷凉，夏季短促，种植水稻、玉米等喜温作物的风险大，该区逐渐发展成我国重要的春小麦和大豆主产区。2017年黑龙江省小麦种植面积11.3万hm2，几乎集中分布该区域，大豆种植面积占全省大豆种植面积的80%以上[1]。特殊的地理气……