张忠鑫 王学芳 董育红 杨莉 郑磊 关周博

摘要 為了解烯效唑、多效唑对黄淮区油菜新品种秦优1699苗期和成熟期性状的影响，探索其在机械化生产上的应用，于6～7叶期（T1）、5～7 cm薹高期（T2）和以上2个时期T1+T2（T3），分别喷施80、160 mg/L烯效唑（C1、C2）和150、300 mg/L多效唑（C3、C4），以喷施清水为对照，研究其对油菜苗期性状、成熟期抗倒性状和产量性状的影响。结果显示，①T1C1、T1C3可有效降低油菜幼苗薹高，使其叶片数增加，根茎变粗，有助于冬前苗期壮苗，提高油菜耐寒性;②各处理均能降低植株株高、有效分枝高度和倒伏指数，提高抗倒性;③烯效唑、多效唑处理可以降低千粒重，增加单株角果数，对每角粒数影响不显著，仅T3C1和T3C3处理单株产量显著高于对照;④T3C1、T3C3 处理既可增加幼苗绿叶数、根茎粗，降低薹高，有助于培育壮苗，提升幼苗耐寒性，又可降低成熟期植株株高、有效分枝高度、增强抗倒性，提高产量。考虑到烯效唑的降解速度快于多效唑，使用安全性高，烯效唑在秦优1699上的使用效果略优于多效唑，建议生产上使用烯效唑，即用80 mg/L浓度烯效唑，在6～7叶期（T1）+ 5～7 cm薹高期同时喷施效果最好。

关键词 油菜;烯效唑;多效唑;苗期性状;抗倒性;产量

中图分类号 S 482.8  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）15-0142-03

Abstract In order to understand the effects of uniconazole and paclobutrazol on the seedling and maturity traits of a new rapeseed variety Qinyou 1699 in Huanghuai District， and to explore its application in mechanized production， this experiment was conducted at the 6-7 leaf stage （T1）， 5-7 cm moss high period （T2） and the above two periods T1+T2 （T3）， spraying 80， 160 mg/L uniconazole （C1， C2） and 150， 300 mg/L paclobutrazol （C3， C4） respectively， and spraying water was used to be a control to study its effects on rapeseed seedling traits， lodging resistance traits and yield traits at maturity stage. The results showed that  ①T1C1 and T1C3 could effectively reduce the moss height of rape seedlings， increase the number of leaves and thicken the rhizomes， help to strengthen the seedlings in the prewinter period， and improve the cold resistance of rape;②all treatments could reduce plant height， effective branch height， lodging index and improve lodging resistance;③uniconazole and paclobutrazol treatments could reduce 1 000seed weight and increase the number of siliques per plant， with no significant effect on the number of seeds per horn. The yield per plant was only higher than the control on T3C1 and T3C3;④ T3C1 and T3C3 treatment could not only effectively increase the number of leaves and root diameter of seedlings， reduce the height of moss， help to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold resistance of seedlings， but also effectively reduce the height of plants and effective branch height at the mature stage， enhance the lodging resistance， and increase the yield. Considering that the degradation rate and the application safety of uniconazole was better than that of paclobutrazol， the effect of uniconazole on Qinyou 1699 was slightly better than that of polyomeprazole， so it was suggested to use uniconazole in production;namely we obtained the best results when 80 mg/L uniconazole was sprayed at the 6-7 leaf stage and 5-7 cm moss high period simultaneously.

Key words Rapeseed;Uniconazole;Paclobutrazol;Seedling traits;Lodging resistance traits;Yield

基金项目 国家重点研发计划项目“主要经济作物分子设计育种”（2016YFD0101900）。

作者简介 张忠鑫（1988—），女，内蒙古赤峰人，助理研究员，硕士，从事油菜育种与栽培技术研究。

收稿日期 2020-12-29

油菜是我国第五大农作物，也是我国主要油料经济作物，对我国的粮油供给安全具有重要作用。黄淮区是我国冬油菜的重要产区，也是冬油菜单位面积产量最高的地区，在我国油菜生产上占有重要地位。……